@article {3672,
	title = {Seasonal effects of two forage-based nutrition regimens on intake and average daily gain of three genotypes of young red deer (Cervus elaphus)},
	journal = {New Zealand Journal of Animal Science and Production},
	volume = {80},
	year = {2020},
	month = {09/2020},
	pages = {150-155},
	address = {Online},
	abstract = {The red deer genotypes currently being farmed in New Zealand have different forage-use habits and exhibit different growth
profiles in different seasons. Three genotypes (NZ red, eastern European and elk-cross) were subjected to low and high nutritional
regimens during autumn, winter and spring. Few differences among genotypes were found in autumn, but in winter the elk-cross
genotype grew faster than did the NZ red and eastern European genotypes. NZ red deer consumed approximately 9\% of their
diet as hay in both autumn and winter, while eastern European and elk-cross deer had much higher intakes of hay (up to 44\%).
Divergence in response to the high- or low-nutrition regimens imposed developed in winter. Liveweight gain averaged 84 g/d on
the low nutrition regimen and ranged from 132 to 199 g/d for NZ red and elk-cross genotypes respectively on the high-nutrition
regimen. Eastern European deer were immediate. In spring as the NZ red genotype did not respond to increasing feed availability,
while the eastern European and elk-cross deer increased growth rate by approximately 50 g/d and 100 g/d, respectively, in response
to increased feed availability. This was matched by increases in forage and metabolisable energy intake. Understanding these
interactions provides information that will enable feeding systems to be tailored to deer genotype to improve on-farm resource-use
efficiency.
Keywords: diet selection; energy; forage intake; genotype; liveweight gain; red deer; seasonality.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Stevens DR and Corson ID}
}
@conference {41705,
	title = {New perspectives on deer reproduction , growth and production efficiency},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {78-81},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Wanaka},
	abstract = {Reproduction and growth intersect during lactation. Lactation is the period when the initial productivity of the calf is expressed and much ofthe potential production efficiency is set. Examples of recent advances in our understanding of productivity systems in deer farming are summarised. Experimentation in lactation has highlighted new information that can improve on-farm production. Recent research has given an understanding of the lactational outputs of the hind rearing either a red or F1 wapiti crossbred calf. Further experimentation has examined the role of protein and energy in determining calf growth. Other research has quantified both hind and calf intake and live weight change during late lactation. The impacts of these developments are discussed.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Stevens DR and Asher GW and Archer JA and Scott IC and Ward JF and O{\textquoteright}Neill KT and Corson ID}
}
@conference {41849,
	title = {Research support for new uses and improved production of deer velvet},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2005},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {345-351},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Christchurch},
	abstract = {Deer velvet is a novel agricultural product and has presented the New Zealand (NZ) agricultural and food sectors with a number of opportunities. When the velvet industry emerged in the early 1970s, almost the entire product was exported to the traditional oriental medicine markets, which remain the basis of the deer velvet industry in NZ. This market did not require scientific validation of efficacy as the health promoting effects of velvet were accepted. However, as this is a mature market there is interest in growing new business, notably the Western dietary supplement market. This requires new knowledge on health benefits as potential purchasers have no initial product knowledge. We have conducted research to investigate whether or not deer velvet will help promote health. We chose to look for a verifiable benefit to athletes as the athletic market would be less likely to be price sensitive than other sectors. We also investigated the application of specific velvet extracts as topical agents to promote healing of open wounds, based on their ability to promote the growth of blood vessels (angiogenesis). This paper discusses the research that set out to demonstrate velvet efficacy and quality and describes research on nutrition and breeding designed to increase velvet quality and quantity.
KEYWORDS: deer; velvet; antlers; production; quality; wound healing; dietary supplement; health benefits. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Suttie JM and Haines SR and Clark DE and Archer JA and O{\textquoteright}Connor M and Broeder CE and Corson ID}
}
@conference {41444,
	title = {Optimising calf growth of red deer in summer and autumn},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2003},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {218-221},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Queenstown},
	abstract = {The potential for red deer calves to grow is at its maximum during lactation and the early autumn before the first winter. Capturing this potential is one key to economic success in venison production. On-farm and experimental results have shown a wide range of live weight gains during these periods. Feed allowance during this time should ensure that residual pasture mass should not be below 1200-1500 kg DM/ha, while pasture allowance should be above 4 kg DM/d. Feed quality needs to be above 11 MJ ME/kg DM or a pasture should contain more than 70\% green leaf. Poor liveweight gain in calves during late lactation and autumn delays subsequent slaughter and may lead to a substitution of weaners for hinds, decreasing the net productivity of a farming system. Strategies for improving both the amount and quality of feed on offer during summer and autumn include improved spring management, use of grasses with later flowering dates, increasing the use of specialist high-quality feeds such as red clover, chicory and lucerne, using management to increase white clover content and using brassicas or concentrate feeds if other options fail. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Stevens DR and Corson ID}
}
@conference {40066,
	title = {Energy nutrition of young red deer (Cervus elaphus) hinds and a comparison with young stags},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {47},
	year = {1987},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {111-113},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Salmon farming began in New Zealand in 1976 with the introduction of ocean ranching. With this method of aquaculture, juvenile salmon are reared in freshwater and then released to the sea where they grow and subsequently return as adults at 2, 3 or 4 years of age to the freshwater release point. Two other methods of culture are also being practised, sea cage rearing and freshwater pond culture. With these 2 methods the salmon are reared to market size while fed an artificial diet. The increased rearing costs of these 2 methods of culture is offset by the higher survival of juvenile salmon to market size compared with ocean ranching. With ocean ranging 1-2\% survival is considered the minimum necessary for a successful operation while returns of over 3\% have been received at some hatcheries. Salmon production has increased from about 200 t in 1984-85 season (October to March) to 712 t in 1986-87. Exports in 1986-87 were approximately 353 t valued at $NZ4 million.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Suttie JM and Fennessy PF and Veenvliet BA and Littlejohn RP and Fisher MW and Corson ID and Labes RE}
}
@conference {40017,
	title = {Early induction of ovulation in yearling red deer hinds},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {46},
	year = {1986},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {171-174},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {No abstract supplied},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Fisher MW and Fennessy PF and Suttie JM and Corson ID and Pearse AJT and Davis GH and Johnstone PD}
}
@conference {39908,
	title = {Voluntary intake, testes development and antler growth patterns of male red deer under a manipulated photoperiod},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {44},
	year = {1984},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {167-170},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Two experiments studied the effects of herbage allowance in the latter half of pregnancy on the performance of 18-month beef heifers. In Experiment 1, 54 heifers were offered daily allowances of 4.5 (H) or 3.3 (M1) kg DM/100 kg live weight (LW), and in Experiment 2, 64 heifers were offered 3.1 (M2) or 1.9 (L) kg DM/100 kg LW. Average daily gain to post-calving weight (net ADG) for the H and M1 heifers in Experiment 1 was 0.46 and 0.34 kg/d (P<0.001). The post- partum anoestrous interval (PPAI) was short in both groups (H+ 42.7 and M1 = 49.2 days; P<0.10). H calves were 1.8 kg heavier at birth and 7.6 kg heavier at weaning than M1 calves (P<0.05). In Experiment 2, M2 and L heifer net ADG was 0.23 and -0.03 kg/d respectively (P<0.001). The PPAI was 28.4 d shorter for M2 than L heifers (P<0.001). Birth and weaning weights of M2 calves were heavier by 1.8 kg (P<0.07) and 14.0 kg (P<0.05) respectively than those of L calves. Results suggest that a herbage allowance of around 3 kg DM/100 kg LW over the latter half of gestation may be adequate for satisfactory performance of yearling-mated heifers.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Suttie JM and Corson ID and Fennessy PF}
}
@conference {39730,
	title = {Energy requirements of red deer},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {41},
	year = {1981},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {167-173},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Fennessy PF and Moore GH and Corson ID}
}
