@conference {41807,
	title = {Effect of dietary protein on liveweight gain in parasitised cows},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {68},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {113-116},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Brisbane, Australia},
	abstract = {The interaction between parasitism and crude protein (CP) nutrition on calf liveweight gain (LWG) was investigated. One hundred and twelve calves were either administered 21,000 parasite larvae (73\% Cooperia oncophora, 16\% Ostertagia ostertagi, 11\% Trichostrongylus axei) twice per week or drenched fortnightly with anthelmintic for 12 weeks. Calves grazed ryegrass pastures and received 40\% of their diet as either low (15\% CP) or high (26\% CP) protein pellets. Half of the calves switched diets after six weeks. All treatments averaged a liveweight gain of at least 1 kg/d. After 12 weeks non-parasitised calves were 13 (standard error of difference (SED 2.0)) kg heavier than parasitised calves (P <0.001), and calves fed a high protein supplement were 12 (SED 2.8) kg heavier than those fed low protein supplement (P <0.001). There was no interaction between diet and parasitism (P = 0.74). Subsequentlycalves grazed together for a further 12 weeks with no supplements or parasite dosing. The liveweight advantage of the high protein supplement was lost, while non-parasitised calves maintained a liveweight advantage of 15 (SED 4.9) kg (P <0.01). While protein supplementation did not affect faecal egg count or blood pepsinogen it has the potential to improve LWG with less reliance on anthelmintics under field conditions.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Burggraaf VT and Puha MR and Adler AA}
}
@conference {41695,
	title = {Response of calves to different levels of mixed species gastrointestinal parasite infection},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {23-27},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Wanaka},
	abstract = {The effect of different levels of parasite infection was studied in 5-month old calves. Eighty-four calves were dosed with 0, 1000, 2000, 4000, 7000 or 10000 parasite larvae (L3) per day for 6 weeks (90\% Cooperia, 10\% other species), or were drenched 3-weekly, whilst grazing in one mob. Worm burdens were then determined in 3 calves per treatment. The remaining calves then grazed together for 11 weeks to determine carryover effects, during which they were all drenched at weeks 5 and 9. At the end of L3 dosing, there were no liveweight differences, but by week 5 of the carryover period, calves receiving 10000 L3 per day were 12 kg lighter than drenched or 0 L3 calves (P<0.05). This difference was maintained for the rest of the experiment.  Cooperiaburdens (76000/calf) in 10000 L3 calves were at least double those on all other treatments (P<0.001). There was no relationship between L3 dose and worm burden for the other parasite species, or L3 dose and faecal egg count. This experiment has shown that for calves dosed with less than 10000 L3 per day, drenching does not increase liveweight gain when the parasite larvae are 90\% Cooperia.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Burggraaf VT and Puha MR}
}
