@article {3672,
	title = {Impact of maternal diet during late gestation and pre-weaning milk allowance on heifer growth and first lactation milk yield},
	journal = {New Zealand Journal of Animal Science and Production},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2022},
	month = {01/2022},
	pages = {99-103},
	address = {Online},
	abstract = {A total of 60 Friesian x Jersey heifer calves were allocated to a 2{\texttimes}2 factorial design to investigate early life nutrition on growth and production. The first factor was the maternal treatments where dams were offered a low crude protein (7.8\% LCP) or moderate crude protein (13.6\% MCP) diet for the last 50 days of gestation. The second factor was the calf milk replacer (CMR) allowance to heifer offspring, which was either restricted (RES) or high allowance (HA) allowance (15 or 25\% of initial live weight, respectively). All calves were given colostrum for 4 days then, warmed CMR (150 g/L) in two equal feeds between days 5 and 39, after which all calves received the same 15\% allowance. Milk intake, liveweight gain and fecal score were recorded for 5 weeks. Calves were weaned off milk at 8 weeks of age. The HA treatment improved weaning weight (88 vs 79{\textpm}1.4 kg; P<0.001) and overall ADG pre-weaning (0.9 vs 0.8{\textpm}0.02 kg/day; P<0.001) compared to RES. There was no effect of maternal diet on pre-weaning growth or fecal score. There was limited statistical evidence of a long-term effect of early life nutrition on milk yield, though maternal nutrition appeared to be more important than pre-weaning nutrition on future milk production.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Moonsan Y and Thomas C and McCoard SA and Hammond KJ and Edwards GR and Bryant RH}
}
@article {3672,
	title = {Modelling winter feeding practices with fodder beet in growing and dry dairy cattle},
	journal = {New Zealand Journal of Animal Science and Production},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2022},
	month = {01/2022},
	pages = {39-44},
	address = {Online},
	abstract = {<p>The objective of this study was to use the Large Ruminant Nutrition System simulation (LRNS) model to evaluate inclusion of different proportions of fodder beet (FB) with several feed supplements to determine if these dietary combinations meet the nutrient requirements of dry cows and growing one-year-old (R1) heifers over winter. The LRNS simulations demonstrated deficiencies in Ca and P when diets contained 60 and 80\% of FB, especially for dry cows up to 21 days before calving and in R1 heifers. When FB comprised 60-80\% of the diet of R1 heifers, there was insufficient metabolisable protein to support maximum average daily gain and insufficient physically effective neutral detergent fibre (peNDF) in diets containing over 60\% FB. Diets containing more than 40\% FB had a negative rumen degraded protein balance (RDPB) and an excess non-fibre carbohydrate (NFC) concentration. Recommendations based on this modelling are for a maximum of 60\% FB in diets and forage supplements must provide sufficient crude protein (CP) as well as supplementation of Ca for R1 heifers and dry cows up to 21 days before calving and P for both dry cows and R1 heifers.</p>
},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Jonker A and Dalley DE and Woods RR and Dynes RA and Pacheco D and Khan MA and Edwards JP and Hammond KJ}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {BRIEF COMMUNICATION: Feeding fodder beet to ewes in mid-to-late gestation: impact on lamb size, rectal temperature, and live weights from birth to weaning},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2017},
	month = {06/2017},
	pages = {34-36},
	address = {Rotorua},
	abstract = {New Zealand ruminant livestock production is largely pasture-based and aligned to seasonal pasture supply. Despite pasture providing a complete diet for grazing pregnant ewes when fed in sufficient quantities, there is a growing trend for farmers to use supplementary feeds to maintain production in times of feed shortages such as during winter, or to facilitate increased stocking rates (McCoard et al. 2015). Due to its high dry matter (DM) yield, and low cost per unit of feed, compared to other supplementary feeds (Gibbs et al. 2015), fodder beet (FB: Beta vulgaris) is a winter feed option. Fodder beet is characterised by its high sugar (energy rich) and low nitrogen (N) contents and although live weight (LWT) responses in finishing beef cattle fed FB have been measured (Gibbs et al. 2015), there is less knowledge on the nutrient-supply profile and performance of offspring when fed to pregnant animals. Knowledge of potential nutritional deficiencies, and the implications for the pregnant ewe and her offspring are essential in order to develop feeding recommendations for farmers. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding FB vs. ryegrass dominant pasture (RG), to ewes in mid-to-late gestation, on offspring performance through the measurement of lamb size, rectal temperature and pre-weaning growth.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Sandoval E and McCoard SA and Pacheco D and Lloyd-West C and Lees S and Hammond KJ}
}
@conference {60971,
	title = {The variation in methane emissions from sheep and cattle is not explained by the chemical composition of ryegrass},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2009},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {174-178},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Christchurch},
	abstract = {A data base of over 3,000 ruminant methane emission records from individual animals used to compile New Zealand{\textquoteright}s greenhouse gas inventory, shows substantial variation in CH4 yields (g/kg dry matter intake (DMI)) within and between forage types. Multiple regression analyses were undertaken using datasets from sheep and cattle fed fresh ryegrass to determine the extent to which variation in CH4 yields could be explained by ryegrass chemical composition. Methane was measured using the SF6 marker dilution technique with sheep and cattle, and also directly by respiration calorimetry from sheep. Data from sheep showed a similar average CH4 yield from both techniques, but there was more variation in SF6 data (23.4 {\textpm} 5.73) than from calorimetry (23.1 {\textpm} 2.89). Cattle CH4 yields averaged 19.1 {\textpm} 3.70 g/kg DMI. Multiple regression analysis of sheep data showed pasture chemical composition accounted for <2\% of the variation determined by SF6 and 20\% of the variation from calorimetry. Only 13\% of the variation in yield from cattle was explained by ryegrass composition, so the majority of variance (>80\%) was not explained. We suggest the variation in CH4 emissions is affected by digestive characteristics of individual animals, and interactions with forage physical and chemical components. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Hammond KJ and Muetzel S and Waghorn GC and Pinares-Patino CS and Burke JL and Hoskin SO}
}
@conference {41787,
	title = {Reticulo-rumen growth and papillae development in farmed red calves from four to twelve weeks of age},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {68},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {47-48},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Brisbane, Australia},
	abstract = {Ruminants are born with an underdeveloped forestomach (Warner et al., 1956) and as such operate as a monogastric animals until the reticulorumen (RR) and omasum have developed. The development of the rumen from birth to weaning has been well studied in dairy cattle (Heinrichs \& Lesmeister, 2005), but not farmed red deer. Understanding pre-weaning rumen developmental processes is required for feeding programmes aiming to maximise pre-weaning growth rates of young red deer calves for early venison production. This preliminary study aimed to document the changes in rumen growth and papillae development ...Continued },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Thompson BR and Hofstra G and Hammond KJ and Mackintosh CG and Hoskin SO and Littlejohn RP and Stevens DR}
}
