@conference {3672,
	title = {Brief Communication: In vitro fermentation characteristics of ryegrass-white clover sward containing differnt proportions of chicory},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2017},
	month = {06/2017},
	pages = {82-84},
	address = {Rotorua},
	abstract = {Chicory (Cichorum intybus) is a deep-rooted grazeable forage used to overcome production and nutritive value shortfalls of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens) swards during summer drought periods in New Zealand (Waugh et al. 1998; Chapman et al. 2012). However, there is little and contrasting data on the proportion of chicory to be used in mixed swards to influence livestock production. For example, Golding et al. (2011) showed that feeding chicory in a mixed sward at 18{\textendash}40\% of total dry matter, increased lamb post-weaning liveweight gain (LWG) compared with a traditional ryegrass sward. On the other hand, Cheng et al. (2017) reported similar daily LWG for heifers offered a mixed sward of 50\% chicory and 50\% ryegrass-white clover or 100\% perennial ryegrass-white clover. These contrasting results justify more research on the chicory proportion in mixed swards and its effect on animal performance...},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Al-marashdeh O and Cheng L and Gregorini P and Edwards GR}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {Nitrogen partitioning in sheep offered three perennial ryegrass cultivars at two allowances in spring and autumn},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2015},
	month = {07/2015},
	pages = {74-78},
	address = {Dunedin},
	abstract = { },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Jonker A and Cheng L and Edwards GR and Molano G and Taylor PS and Sonoval E and Cosgrove GP}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {Urinary nitrogen excretion, grazing and urination behaviour of dairy heifers grazing pasture, chicory and plantain in autumn},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2015},
	month = {07/2015},
	pages = {70-73},
	address = {Dunedin},
	abstract = { The objective of this study was to investigate urinary nitrogen (N) excretion, grazing and urination behaviour of dairy heifers
grazing pasture, chicory and plantain. A 35-day trial was conducted with 56 Friesian x Jersey heifers aged 9-10 months. Heifers
were blocked into five treatments balanced for their live weight and breeding worth: 100\% ryegrass/white-clover pasture (PA; n
= 12); 100\% chicory (CH; n = 10); 100\% plantain (PL; n = 12); 50\% pasture + 50\% chicory (PA+CH; n = 10); and 50\% pasture
+ 50\% plantain (PA+PL; n = 12). Feed was offered every three days with allowance calculated according to feed requirement for
maintenance plus live weight gain of 0.8 kg/day. Measured urinary-N concentration, estimated daily urinary-N excretion (UN) and
urinary output were similar among treatments. During the first six hours after feed allocation, heifers spent more time idling and
less time ruminating on CH and PL than on PA. The CH and PA+CH groups urinated more frequently than other groups. Data from
this study indicate that heifers grazed chicory urinated more frequently without increasing daily UN and may potentially reduce N
loading from soil. Future study is needed to take account of urinary N excretion diurnal variation.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Cheng L and McCormick J and Hussein AN and Fraslin C and Moonsan Y and Moonsan P and Logan C and Grabot J and Edwards GR}
}
@conference {89253,
	title = {Can milk urea nitrogen differentiate nitrogen use efficiency of lactating cow groups raised on New Zealand pasture},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {73},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {199-201},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Hamilton},
	abstract = {<p class="rtejustify">Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) (g of milk nitrogen output/g of nitrogen intake) of dairy cows helps to maximise profitability and minimise nitrogen losses on farm. However, the traditional nitrogen balance technique used indoors to measure dry matter intake (DMI) and NUE is labour intensive, costly and unsuited to pasture-based grazing systems. In The Netherlands, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) has been used as a non-invasive and easy-to-conduct test to differentiate NUE of dairy cow groups (Kuipers et al. 1999). Generally, higher values of MUN are associated with a lower NUE. However, the usefulness of MUN in New Zealand pasture-based grazing systems is uncertain for numerous reasons. Firstly, MUN excretion reaches a maximum when dietary crude protein (CP) exceeds 20\% of feed dry matter (DM), reducing the sensitivity of MUN to differentiate NUE in high dietary CP systems (Reynolds \&amp; Kristensen 2008). Secondly, water intake has been identified as one of the factors influencing the concentration of MUN, but it is not normally quantified in grazing systems (De Campeneere et al. 2006). Lastly, when individual cow samples are used, MUN may be subject to diurnal variation (Cheng et al. 2010).</p>
},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Aizimu W and Hodge S and Edwards GR and Dewhurst RJ and Cheng L}
}
@conference {89231,
	title = {Estimation of protein utilization efficiency and metabolisable protein efficiency in lactating cows grouped by breeding worth},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {73},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {100-102},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Hamilton},
	abstract = {<p>The efficiency of conversion of feed protein to milk protein (protein use efficiency (PUE)) is important in ruminants as protein is the most valuable component of milk (Ryan et al. 2011). It is also essential to reduce nutrient and resource costs when the efficiency of nutrient use is low (Roberts, 2008). In ruminants, dietary protein has three main routes of metabolism, namely microbial fermentation in the rumen, absorption in the small intestine, and catabolism and excretion of excess digestible protein into faeces and urine nitrogen (Agricultural Research Council 1980). This makes PUE difficult to explain and predict because of the interaction of these pathways. Rumen degradable protein (RDP) and metabolisable protein (MP) are the two main protein pools for milk protein production.</p>
},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Wheadon NW and Cheng L and Dewhurst RJ and Edwards GR}
}
@conference {69472,
	title = {Investigation of N isotopic fractionation in dairy cows using milk samples collected at the morning and afternoon milkings},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {65-66},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {Conversion of feed protein into milk protein is a basis of sustainable dairy production systems from both economic and environmental perspectives. This project addresses the need for rapid screening tools to support nutritional and breeding strategies to improve the efficiency of converting feed into milk protein. The approach is based on the phenomenon of N isotopic fractionation, whereby N sinks become relatively enriched or depleted in 15N, as a result of differential incorporation during various biochemical reactions. Macko et al. (1986) showed that N isotopic fractionation was related to the deamination and transamination of amino acids. Sick et al. (1997) conducted a feeding experiment with rats and found that plasma protein was enriched and plasma urea was depleted in 15N relative to the diet. Furthermore, Robbins et al},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Cheng L and Dewhurst RJ and Larkin J and Buckley F and Thackaberry C and Nicol AM and Edwards GR}
}
