@article {3672,
	title = {Volatile fatty acids (VFA) in rumen samples collected pre-feeding had a stronger relationship with methane emissions in lambs fed graded levels of forage rape than VFAs in post-feeding samples},
	journal = {New Zealand Journal of Animal Science and Production},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2021},
	month = {01/2022},
	pages = {168-172},
	address = {Online},
	abstract = {To investigate the effect of farm system, and cow selection for milk urea nitrogen (MUN), on milk yield and milk composition,
a farmlet study was carried out between October 2018 and May 2019 in Lincoln, Canterbury. A farm system with a low stocking
rate and low N fertiliser input (LSR, 2.9 cows/ha) sown with a conventional ryegrass clover and plantain diverse pastures was
compared with a farm system with a moderate stocking rate and moderate N fertiliser (MSR, 3.9 cows/ha) using conventional
ryegrass and white clover pastures and supplementing 3 kg DM/cow/d as crushed barley grain. Each farmlet had total herd size of
40 mixed-age HF x J spring-calving dairy cows which included six cows selected solely for a high MUN or a low MUN. There was
no effect of farm system on milk fat, protein or lactose content but MUN was lower in LSR compared with MSR. Milk production
was also lower for LSR (466 vs 429{\textpm}12.4 kg MS/cow/ha, P<0.05), owing to poorer quality diet in mid lactation. Cows selected
for low MUN tended to produce less milk compared with high MUN cows (4478 vs 3987{\textpm}174 kg/cow, P<0.10) though this was
partially offset by increased protein content in milk of low MUN cows. Farm system and animal selection for MUN have a greater
impact on milk yield than on milk composition.

Keywords: Plantago lanceolata; somatic cell count; multi-species pastures;},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Della Rosa MM and Janssen PH and Reid P and Sandoval E and Luo D and Pacheco D and Jonker A}
}
@article {3672,
	title = {Growth performance of crossbred dairy calves fed different milk allowances using an automatic feeding system},
	journal = {New Zealand Journal of Animal Science and Production},
	volume = {78},
	year = {2018},
	month = {07/2018},
	pages = {21-25},
	address = {Lincoln},
	abstract = {The impact of feeding different levels of milk replacer via automated feeders on intake and growth was assessed in calves. Heifer
calves (Holstein {\texttimes} Jersey; n=198; 11{\textpm}4 days old) were randomly allocated to low-allowance (LA; n=67; calves were fed milk
replacer at 10\% of initial live weight), high-allowance (HA; n=65; calves were fed milk replacer at 20\% of initial live weight),
and ad-libitum (ADLIB; n=66; calves were given ad libitum access to milk replacer). Pelleted calf starter was provided ad libitum
and daily individual intake of milk replacer and calf starter was measured via automated feeders. Calves were gradually weaned
from 69{\textpm}2 days over 14 days. Average daily weight gain during pre-weaning was the highest (P<0.05) for ADLIB (0.69{\textpm}0.02 kg/
day), followed by HA (0.61{\textpm}0.02 kg/day) and LA (0.54{\textpm}0.02 kg/day) calves. Calf starter intake was the lowest (P<0.05) in ADLIB
calves followed by HA and LA calves. The ADLIB calves had the lowest (P<0.05) calf starter intake during the week after milk
weaning but it did not affect the live weight of calves. In conclusion, provision of more milk promoted pre-weaning growth, and
restricted milk feeding to trigger solid feed intake failed to match that growth advantage.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Groenendijk ME and Lowe K and Schreurs NM and Molenaar AJ and McCoard SA and Luo D and Khan MA}
}
@article {3672,
	title = {The impact of different management systems on behaviour and milk production of dairy ewes in different stages of lactation; a case study},
	journal = {New Zealand Journal of Animal Science and Production},
	volume = {78},
	year = {2018},
	month = {07/2018},
	pages = {116-121},
	address = {Lincoln},
	abstract = {Comparisons of New Zealand dairy sheep farm systems are currently lacking. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate
the effects of different management systems on the behaviour and milk production of East Friesian cross-bred sheep at different
stages of lactation. Two study groups were evaluated. In study group 1, a mob of 479 mixed-age, mid-lactation ewes were housed
24 h/day, and a separate mob of 473 mixed-age, mid-lactation ewes were managed in a hybrid system (housed between morning
and afternoon milkings; grazed lucerne overnight). Both received a total mixed ration (TMR) indoors. In study group 2, a mob of
604 mixed-age, late-lactation ewes grazed pasture 24 h/day, and a separate mob of 452 mixed-age late-lactation ewes were in a
hybrid system, grazing pasture overnight. For both study groups, individual milk yield, walking distance, lying time, live weight
(LW), and body condition score (BCS) were recorded. All sheep gained BCS and LW except fully grazed late-lactation ewes. For
study group 1, fully housed ewes in mid-lactation lay down less during the day, but more overnight compared to those in the hybrid
system, likely due to the latter grazing overnight. Lying bout times were similar between groups, while milk yield was 29\% less
in housed ewes compared to the hybrid ewes. For study group 2, grazing ewes in late-lactation lay down more, had longer lying
bouts, and walked further daily than those in the hybrid system, but both late-lactation treatment groups had similar milk yields.
In summary, the hybrid management system seems to improve milk yield in mid-lactation compared to the fully housed system,
whereas there was no difference between the hybrid and fully grazed systems in late-lactation. Lying behaviour and walking
distances (group 2 only) differed among different systems, however, it is unclear what this means in terms of animal welfare, and
warrants further investigation.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Bliss AE and Chylinski C and Luo D and Sch{\"u}tz KE and Lowe K and Peterson SW and Stevens D and MacDonald T and McCoard SA}
}
@conference {75909,
	title = {Is rumen retention time implicated in sheep differences in methane emission?},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {71},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {219-222},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Invercargill},
	abstract = {Breeding ruminants for low methane (CH4) emissions is an attractive mitigation approach for this greenhouse gas. During the last three years research has progressed at AgResearch to accurately identify individual sheep with contrasting low (Low) and high (High) methane yields. A study was conducted using these animal resources in order to explore the animal factors responsible for the observed differences between rankings. For this, the sheep were fed first on fresh pasture forage (pasture) and then on pellets containing lucerne hay and wheat grain (pellet). Methane emissions were measured in respiration chambers over two consecutive days. Feed dry matter digestibility (DMD) was estimated from a total faecal collection, whereas ruminal retention times of feed particles (PRRT) and solutes (SRRT) were estimated by single dosing of external markers. Methane yields from the High sheep were higher (P >0.05) than from their Low counterparts both the pasture and pellet diets. High emission ranking sheep had higher (P <0.05) DMD and SRRT than their Low counterparts, whereas PRRT was only numerically higher for the High sheep than for the Low sheep. Results of this study align with previous findings that retention time of digesta is implicated in animal differences in CH4 emission.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Pinares-Pati{\~n}o CS and Ebrahimi SH and McEwan JC and Dodds KG and Clark H and Luo D}
}
@conference {69488,
	title = {Effect of twinning and sex on carcass weight and composition in lambs},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {133-136},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {Lamb producers are being provided with strong incentives to gain better control over the growth performance of their animals. These incentives are driven by increased demand for lean product of consistent quality, rigid market specifications, and significant penalties when carcasses do not meet the criteria imposed by processors. Feed conversion efficiency is enhanced whenthe ratio of lean to fat deposition is improved (Sillence, 2004). This is an important consideration for producers due to rising costs of generating high quality feed. Hence, increasing the proportion ofcarcasses that meet market specifications can improve the profitability of a lamb-production enterprise.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McCoard SA and Koolaard J and Charteris A and Luo D}
}
