@article {3672,
	title = {BRIEF COMMUNICATION: Investigating the pattern of lameness in dairy goats across the first two years of life},
	journal = {New Zealand Journal of Animal Science and Production},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2021},
	month = {01/2022},
	pages = {35-38},
	address = {Online},
	abstract = {Lameness is a painful condition with significant welfare and economic implications. There are few data about the high-risk periods of lameness in dairy goats, therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate how lameness occurrence changes across the first two years of life. Eighty female goats of approximately five months of age were enrolled. Gait-scoring assessments were completed at 9, 13, 17, 21 and 25 months of age. Gait scores were assigned using a 5-point gait scoring system. As there were a low number of 3, 4 or 5 gait scores recorded, a binary outcome variable was created to compare non-lame (score 1) to an impaired gait (score >= 2). A logistic regression (PROC GLIMMIX) was used to test if there was a difference in the proportion of goats with an impaired gait among assessments. When compared with the nine-month assessment, the odds of a goat having an impaired gait were greater by a factor of 2.15 (95\% CI: 1.02 {\textendash} 4.54, P<0.05) at the 13-month assessment and 3.79 (95\% CI: 1.90 {\textendash} 7.57, P<0.001) at the 25-month assessment; as these assessments were both following kidding events, this suggests that parturition may increase the risk of lameness in dairy goats.


Keywords: gait score; uneven gait; impaired gait; parturition; welfare},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Deeming L and Beausoleil NJ and Stafford KJ and Webster J and Zobel G}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {The effect of yard weaning and contact with humans on behavioural reactivity and liveweight gain of beef breed calves},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2017},
	month = {06/2017},
	pages = {8-12},
	address = {Rotorua},
	abstract = {Yard weaning of beef-breed calves is growing in popularity in New Zealand as a way of improving ease of handling, but there is little scientific literature regarding the practice. This experiment examined the effects of yard weaning versus paddock weaning with and without human contact on liveweight gain and behaviour. Paddock-weaned calves lost more live weight in the first sev-en days after weaning (-1.19 {\textpm} 0.17 kg/d versus -0.60 {\textpm} 0.16 kg/d; P=0.01) than yard-weaned calves but live weight was similar between treatments 42 days after weaning (D42). Yard-weaned calves tended to be less reactive than paddock-weaned calves on D7 (2.16 {\textpm} 0.28 versus 2.92 {\textpm} 0.33; P= 0.07, where one is least reactive and five is most reactive), but there were no differences in reactivity on D42. Faecal corticosterone concentrations were similar between weaning location, however, calves with minimal human contact had higher faecal corticosterone concentrations 48 hours after weaning than did calves with daily human contact (27.6 {\textpm} 2.11 ng/ml versus 18.6 {\textpm} 2.11 ng/ml; P<0.01), regardless of location. There were short-term advantages in live weight and heart rate associated with yard weaning of beef-breed calves, but these did not persist to D42. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Ramsay BA and Schoorl JAJ and Stayton KM and Cranston LM and Morris ST and Burnham DL and Cockrem JF and Beausoleil NJ and Hickson RE}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {BRIEF COMMUNICATION: Variability in growth rates of goat kids on 16 New Zealand dairy goat farms},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {76},
	year = {2016},
	month = {07/2016},
	pages = {137-138},
	address = {Adelaide},
	abstract = {Average daily weight gains (ADG) in early life are
associated with health, welfare and future production
potential of dairy animals. While this has yet to be
established for goats, research in cows demonstrates a
positive relationship between growth in early life and milk
production (Shamay et al. 2005, Soberon et al. 2012). Early
growth rates are largely determined by the management
practices from birth onwards. It is therefore unsurprising
that large differences in ADG under different management
systems have been reported. In lambs, Mahgoub et al.
(2000) reported a large range in ADG (84-154 g/day).
Similarly, in calves, Bartlett et al. (2006) reported ADGs
ranging from 251 g/day to 703 g/day. The ADGs reported
in goats have not been as variable (152-170 g/day: Galina
et al. 1995; 167-173 g/day: Goetsch et al. 2001); however,
these were small, controlled studies. To our knowledge,
no research has yet quantified variability in the ADG of
goat kids on a large, multi-farm scale. Therefore, the aim
of this study was to describe the variation in growth rates
on multiple dairy goat farms in the Waikato region of NZ,
providing a benchmark for dairy goat farmers.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Deeming LE and Beausoleil NJ and Stafford KJ and Webster JR and Zobel G}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {Beef cattle wintering systems: effects on cattle and pasture.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2015},
	month = {07/2015},
	pages = {167-171},
	address = {Dunedin},
	abstract = { The wet winter months are a risk period for damage to pasture under grazing systems in New Zealand. The use of stand-off pads
and alternative forages and grazing systems may alleviate these risks, but may also impact on the performance and welfare of
cattle. This experiment compared four wintering systems for growing beef calves (9{\textendash}11 months old, n=103) in terms of growth
rate and welfare of calves, and damage to pasture. Treatments were a forage crop of oats, set-stocked grazing on pasture, breakfed
on pasture, and break-fed on pasture with use of a concrete feedpad and wood-shavings stand-off area when the soil was wet.
Liveweight gain was greatest (P<0.05) for the set-stocked (0.81{\textpm}0.02 kg/day) and break-fed calves (0.52{\textpm}0.02 kg/day), and least
for the calves in the feedpad (0.19{\textpm}0.02 kg/day) and crop treatments (0.10{\textpm}0.02 kg/day). The percentage of calves lying down was
least in the break-fed and oats treatments (P<0.05) but faecal corticosterone concentration was greatest in the feedpad treatment
(P<0.05). Pasture damage was greater under rotational grazing (score 3.8/5) than set stocking (score 2.9/5), but use of the feedpad
did not prevent damage to pasture (score 3.4/5). Set-stocking had the best outcomes for calves and pasture.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Little CL and Hickson RE and Martin NP and Beausoleil NJ and Cockrem JF and Kenyon PR and Horne D and Morris ST}
}
@conference {75923,
	title = {Feeding behaviour differs between dairy calves selected for divergent feed conversion efficiency},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {71},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {281-285},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Invercargill},
	abstract = {Feeding behaviour and efficiency of feed utilisation, measured as residual feed intake (RFI; defined as actual feed intake minus predicted feed required), were measured in dairy calves aged six to seven months-old, and associations between the two variables were determined. The intake, feeding behaviour, and live weight of 219 female Holstein-Friesian calves were recorded for 46 days. Animals were housed in an outdoor facility comprising 28 pens, each with a single-access feeder containing dried, cubed lucerne. Efficient animals were associated with lower intakes (r{\texttwosuperior} = 0.29), fewer meals/day (r{\texttwosuperior} = 0.05), less time spent eating/day (r{\texttwosuperior} = 0.03), and slower eating rates (r{\texttwosuperior} = 0.03). The 30 most efficient animals consumed less (mean {\textpm} standard error of difference; 6.15 vs 7.46 {\textpm} 0.20 kg cubes/day), had fewer meals (4.03 vs 4.85 {\textpm} 0.29 meals/day), and spent less time feeding (2.68 vs 2.93 {\textpm} 0.11 hours/day) compared to the 30 least efficient animals (all P <0.05). Rate of liveweight gain, eating rate, amount eaten per meal, and meal duration did not differ between the 30 most efficient and 30 least efficient animals (P >0.05). In conclusion, differences in feeding behaviour were found between dairy calves selected for divergence in efficiency which may have implications for their management.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Green TC and Waghorn GC and Beausoleil NJ and MacDonald KA}
}
@conference {41475,
	title = {Can we use change in core body temperature to evaluate stress in sheep?},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2004},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {72-76},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Hamilton},
	abstract = {Physical and psychological stressors are known to cause a transient increase in the core body temperature of mammals. We hypothesized that rise in core body temperature could be used to indicate the intensity of stress experienced by sheep. Based on established indices of stress, we ranked five treatments from very low to severe stress as follows: Holding with flock mates, Human presence, Visual isolation, Capture and inversion, and Simulated shearing. Change in core body temperature was measured remotely using thermal sensors placed in the ear canal of the sheep. Maximum change in core body temperature (p=0.08) and the area under the core temperature change curve (p=0.09) allowed differentiation of the least and most stressful treatments: Holding with flock mates and Simulated shearing. The intermediate treatments could not be differentiated using change in ear canal temperature. Therefore, given the levels of statistical significance, our hypothesis that stressors of different intensities could be discriminated by changes in ear canal temperature was only partially supported. Reasons for the inability to discriminate between all treatments include a lack of sensitivity of change in ear canal temperature as an index of stress, high individual variability in responses to stress, and thermal sensor malfunction. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Beausoleil NJ and Stafford KJ and Mellor DJ}
}
