@conference {3672,
	title = {Sustained diuretic effect of plantain when ingested by sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {76},
	year = {2016},
	month = {07/2016},
	pages = {14-17},
	address = {Adelaide},
	abstract = {Narrow-leaved plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) was investigated for its potential to act as a diuretic in sheep. For seven days,
two groups of sheep (n = 8) were provided with either ryegrass or plantain diets that had similar water content. Dry matter in feed,
fresh faecal weight, and faecal water content was measured daily, as well as volume, specific gravity and osmolality of urine. Urine
volumes on Day 1 of the trial were significantly different to those of Days 2-6 of the trial (P < 0.05) so the results were analysed
separately. Plantain sheep had a higher volume of urine (by 1.7 L, P < 0.05) on Day 1 than Ryegrass sheep and continued to produce
about 0.5 L more urine each day than Ryegrass sheep for the remainder of the study period. Because intakes of feed and feed
water content for the two diets were essentially equal, this study provides the first direct evidence to show that plantain causes a
diuresis when it is ingested by sheep, possibly by reducing reabsorption of water in the kidneys.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {O{\textquoteright}Connell CA and Judson HG and Barrell GK}
}
@conference {75872,
	title = {BRIEF COMMUNICATION: Voluntary food intake of pregnant and non-pregnant red deer hinds during the gestating period},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {71},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {53-55},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Invercargill},
	abstract = {Efficient venison production systems rely on maximum growth of deer calves before their first winter. This is facilitated by an early conception in March for an October/November calving so that the nutritional demands of lactating hinds and their offspring are better aligned with pasture growth and quality under New Zealand lowland farming conditions. However, Scott et al. (2008) have...},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Scott IC and Barrell GK and Asher GW and Yuan JV}
}
@conference {75876,
	title = {The incidence of goitre in newborn lambs from ewes fed fodder radish, rape or Italian ryegrass with or without iodine supplementation},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {71},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {66-70},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Invercargill},
	abstract = {Brassicas are an important forage species on many New Zealand sheep farms. However, glucosinolates present in some brassicas can cause iodine deficiency in lambs when pregnant ewes are fed such crops during gestation. To investigate the effect of differences in glucosinolate profile of fodder radish and a brassica on ewe thyroid function and incidence of goitre in lambs born to ewes grazing these crops during pregnancy, a 3 x 2 factorial study utilising three diets (Italian ryegrass, fodder radish, rape) and two rates of iodine (I) supplementation (with, without) was conducted. Thyroid hormone (T3, T4) response to a thyroid releasing factor (TRF) challenge in ewes and incidence of goitre in newborn lambs was determined. A mild goitre, based on thyroid weight:lamb weight ratio (g/kg) of >0.4, was recorded only in newborn lambs from ewes fed rape and the incidence was higher (75\% vs 11\%) in those without I supplementation. Pregnant ewes grazing radish or rape had the lowest T3 and T4 responses to TRF, except in the case of T4 where there had been I supplementation. Differences in glucosinolate content and composition may explain the differing results for sheep fed radish or rape.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Judson HG and Barrell GK}
}
@conference {69461,
	title = {Circulating levels of C-type natriuretic petide (CNP) are strongly linked to pregnancy but not to liveweight change in ruminants},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {13-18},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {Marked increases in plasma C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) during ovine pregnancy, and decline during periods of imposed caloric restriction, raise the possibility that CNP concentrations in ruminants are associated with changes in live weight (LWT) and metabolic demands. Accordingly we measured plasma concentrations of CNP and a related amino-terminal fragment of proCNP (NTproCNP) at weekly intervals in pregnant (n = 8) and non-pregnant red deer hinds (n = 4) and non-pregnant ewes (n = 8) run concurrently. Plasma CNP forms increased markedly during cervine pregnancy to achieve peak concentrations (NTproCNP 132 {\textpm} 9.5 pmol/L, CNP 2.14 {\textpm} 0.2 pmol/L) at 38 and 10 days pre-partum respectively, falling in the final week of gestation to reach pre-pregnancy levels immediately post-partum (P >0.05). There was no association between the concentration of CNP forms and change in LWT in either group of non-pregnant ruminants. We conclude that maternal concentrations of CNP forms are markedly raised in pregnant deer exhibiting similar changes to those found previously in pregnant ewes, and that the observed changes in plasma levels are likely to be independent of change in LWT. Maternal plasma concentration of CNP forms may be a useful marker of fetal well-being and maturation in ruminant livestock.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McNeill BA and Prickett TCR and Wellby M and Ridgway MJ and Espiner EA and Barrell GK}
}
@conference {69462,
	title = {Lack of effect of hot summer conditions in Canterbury on milk production of dairy cows},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {19-22},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {The occurrence of hot weather in Canterbury over 90 days during the 2008/2009 summer provided an opportunity to investigate the effects of climatic heat challenge on milk production by cows on commercial dairy farms in that region. An analysis of daily milksolids production and the peak temperature-humidity index (THI) recorded on each previous day was conducted for 13 farms in mid-Canterbury using data from 1 December 2008 to 28 February 2009. There were 19 days when dry bulb air temperature exceeded 27{\textdegree}C and the THI was 72 or higher, conditions at which heat stress has been suggested to occur in dairy cows. However, there was no significant inverse relationship between THI and milksolids production (P ranged from 0.193 to 0.897) on any of the farms using either all the data or only the data for days on which THI exceeded 72. With relative humidity being strongly inversely related to dry bulb temperature in Canterbury summers, THI values rarely exceed 75 in this region. As there were no discernable effects on productivity of these dairy cows during the episodes of hot weather, it is also unlikely that there would be any animal welfare concerns that could be attributable to climatic heat challenge in these conditions.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Laird FC and Barrell GK}
}
@conference {42027,
	title = {Artificial insemination of red deer (Cervus elaphus) hinds late in the breeding season},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {68},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {12-15},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Brisbane, Australia},
	abstract = {Red deer hinds in New Zealand typically conceive around April, however they have spontaneous ovulatory activity extending until September. There is little experience with mating late in the potential breeding season and there is some evidence that they may not be able to achieve pregnancy at this time of the year. The present study determined whether red deer hinds are capable of becoming pregnant following an induced ovulation in August. Ten adult red deer hinds were treated with intravaginal progesterone-releasing devices (CIDRs) and equine chorionic gonadotrophin during May prior to set time artificial insemination or were untreated, non inseminated controls. Ovulation and pregnancy were monitored by measurement of plasma progesterone concentration and rectal ultrasonography, respectively. This procedure was repeated in August. The progesterone data showed that the control hinds experienced spontaneous ovulations on both occasions and that, following CIDR removal, 9/10 and 10/10 treated animals ovulated in May and August respectively. Pregnancy rate at 45 days post insemination was 5/9 and 3/10 animals ovulating in May and August, respectively. Although these results showed modest success of set time artificial insemination following induced ovulation, they clearly indicated that red deer hinds are capable of conceiving successfully late in the breeding season. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Quinn-Walsh EC and Wellby M and Ridgway MJ and Barrell GK}
}
@conference {41821,
	title = {Does calf genotype influence milk yield of red deer hinds ?},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {68},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {170-171},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Brisbane, Australia},
	abstract = {New Zealand deer farming systems utilise Cervus elaphus subspecies and crossing genotypes is a common tool to gain a productive advantage. One of the most common crosses is that of a stag with a high content of North American Wapiti (C. e. manitobensis, nelsoni, roosevelti) over the traditional New Zealand (NZ) red hind of English or Scottish origin (C. e. scoticus) for venison production, with on the aim of attaining slaughter live weight ...Continued },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Ward JF and Archer JA and Asher GW and Barrell GK and Littlejohn RP}
}
@conference {41912,
	title = {A comparison of sites for monitoring body temperature of cattle and sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2006},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {290-294},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Napier},
	abstract = {Four experiments were carried out to investigate whether temperature measurements recorded continuously from the vagina of ruminant animals are comparable to those measured at the rectum. Normal vaginal, rectal and ruminal temperatures of sheep (n = 4) and cattle (n = 2) were measured twice for 4 h and 2.5 h, respectively. Fever was induced by administration of endotoxin to sheep (0.8 {\textmu}g/kg live weight, n = 4) and cattle (0.2 {\textmu}g/kg live weight, n = 2) and the temperatures were recorded for 4 h. Normal vaginal and rectal temperatures were recorded simultaneously in 8 sheep for 2 h and separately in 6 and 12 sheep, respectively, for 4 h. In sheep, mean ({\textpm} SEM) rectal temperature ranged between 39.1 {\textdegree}C and 39.4 {\textdegree}C ({\textpm} up to 0.11 {\textdegree}C) and mean vaginal temperature ranged between 39.2 {\textdegree}C and 39.5 {\textdegree}C ({\textpm} up to 0.17 {\textdegree}C). In cattle, means ({\textpm} SEM) of rectal and vaginal temperatures were both 38.6 {\textpm} 0.10 {\textdegree}C. Endotoxin elevated temperatures by about 2 {\textdegree}C and ruminal temperature was occasionally up to 1 {\textdegree}C higher than rectal or vaginal temperature. Rectal and vaginal temperatures did not differ significantly from each other in either species. The findings indicate that, for monitoring the internal thermal environment of cattle and sheep, vaginal temperature is equivalent to rectal temperature and support other evidence that temperature of the rumen can be independent of body temperature. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smaill AL and Barrell GK}
}
@conference {41473,
	title = {A split night photoperiod does not mimic effects of a long-day photoperiod on growth in weaner red deer stags},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2004},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {63-66},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Hamilton},
	abstract = {In sheep, the effects of a long day photoperiod can be mimicked by providing a {\textquoteleft}split night{\textquoteright} light stimulus during the dark phase of a short-day photoperiod. This study tested the hypothesis that a similar response to a split night photoperiod occurs in deer. From 6 May until 3 September 2003, three groups of weaner red deer stags (n = 10) were subjected to: natural daily photoperiods (short days, experiencing the normal seasonal pattern of daylight), a long day photoperiod (16L:8D, where L = h of light, D = h of darkness) or natural daily photoperiods with a period of 1 h of light (circa 370 lux) during the dark phase (split night). For the first 3 months, liveweight gain was similar in all groups (approx. 140 g/day). However, growth of long-day exposed animals began to exceed that of the other treatments so that after 6 August their mean liveweight was significantly (P < 0.01) greater than that of the other groups. From 26 June to 3 September mean liveweight gain was, 324 {\textpm} 28.3, 209 {\textpm} 23.9 and 186 {\textpm} 20.6 g/day for long day, split night and short day photoperiod groups, respectively. The long day group had the highest voluntary feed intake and appeared to initiate antler pedicle growth and testicular enlargement earlier than the other groups. Plasma prolactin concentration was elevated (P < 0.01) by the long day treatment (mean for long day group at 9 July = 33.4 {\textpm} 4.09 versus means of 6.9 {\textpm} 3.75 and 2.9 {\textpm} 0.99, ng/ml for split night and short day groups, respectively). These results show no stimulatory effect of the split night photoperiod on growth of red deer. It is concluded that some of the photoperiodic signals that can cause physiological changes in sheep are not effective in deer and, hence, there are differences in the underlying mechanisms of photoperiodism between these two species. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Crowley V and Barrell GK and Keeley MJ}
}
@conference {41336,
	title = {An attempt to suppress the rut- associated loss of live weight in stags by immunocastration},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2002},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {149-151},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {Two trials were conducted to study the effectiveness of vaccination of stags against gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) for minimising the deleterious effects of the rut on their live weight and body condition. In March 2000, mature red deer stags (n = 10) received a s.c. injection of 1.0 ml of vaccine (Improvac{\textregistered}) or saline solution (controls) and a second injection three weeks later. Liveweight loss in the 10 weeks following the initial injection was not affected by the treatment (mean loss 28.6 {\textpm} 4.0 kg and 28.1 {\textpm} 4.2 kg for vaccinated and control groups, respectively). Plasma testosterone concentration was lower (P<0.05) in the vaccinated stags but there was no effect on scrotal diameter. In the following year, stags (n = 10) were injected with 2.0 ml of the vaccine or saline on 18 January and 8 February. Mean liveweight loss in 21 weeks was similar for vaccinated and control groups (41.2 {\textpm} 8.2 kg and 38.8 {\textpm} 7.2 kg, respectively) and there was no treatment effect on the reduction in body condition score. Although vaccinated stags had a lower (P<0.05) mean plasma testosterone concentration than control stags, this effect can be entirely attributed to stags (3 out of 4) that had been vaccinated in the previous year{\textquoteright}s trial. It is concluded that vaccination of stags against GnRH does not overcome the loss in live weight which is associated with the rut in these animals. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Barrell GK and Nicol AM and Keeley MJ}
}
@conference {41382,
	title = {Effects of pregnancy on the fever response of sheep to a Gram-negative pyrogen},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2002},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {337-339},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {<p>Ewes commonly display a reduction of immunity to gastrointestinal parasites during the periparturient period, so it is possible that other components of immunity change at this time. To determine whether the reported absence of fever in full-term-pregnant ewes occurs in a breed farmed commercially in New Zealand, 12 pregnant and 9 non-pregnant Coopworth ewes were treated with injections of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at five-weekly intervals for 3.5 months. An initial dose-response study, conducted in a separate group of ewes, determined that a dose of 200 ng/kg LPS induced fever (\&ge; 0.7\&deg;C increase in rectal temperature) in our sheep. Rectal temperature and plasma glucose concentration were monitored at the time of LPS injection and 4 h later. The magnitudes of both the mean increase in rectal temperature (range 0.4 to 2.1\&deg;C) and the mean reduction of plasma glucose concentration (range 2.9 to 17.7 mg/dl) appeared to vary throughout the study but they were not affected by pregnancy, nor was there any difference in these parameters between the two groups of sheep at the periparturient period. However, there was a reduction in the incidence of fever generated by LPS in the post-lambing period, lactating ewes appearing to have smaller increases in rectal temperature (mean increase 0.4\&deg;C, n = 11) than their non-lactating counterparts (mean increase 0.8\&deg;C, n = 8). We conclude that at least part of the immune response to LPS, i.e., fever and the reduction of plasma glucose concentration, is maintained in our Coopworth ewes at full-term of pregnancy.</p>},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Breen GP and Barrell GK}
}
@conference {41299,
	title = {Presidential Address 2001 - What is wrong with the affluent, well-fed education society in which we live and work?},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2002},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {1-2},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {The business of food production from animals, its attendant research and technology transfer industries, and science in general are all under attack from various factions within society. Generally, we see various causes come and - like fashions - go, but recently there has been an emergence of a number of attitudinal trends that seem to be {\textquoteleft}ganging up{\textquoteright} on the animal production sector. These appear to be increasing in number and intensity. It is as if the observation that {\textquotedblleft}Something is rotten in the state of Denmark.{\textquotedblright} {\textendash} so bluntly voiced by Marcellus in Shakespeare{\textquoteright}s Hamlet - could apply to some countries in the modern world, New Zealand included. As members of a society of animal production, we owe it to the livestock industry to counter these negative trends {\textellipsis} },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Barrell GK}
}
@conference {40976,
	title = {Out-of-season breeding in thyroidectomized red deer hinds},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {58},
	year = {1998},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {20-24},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Thyroid hormones are required for the neuroendocrine processes that cause the onset of the non-reproductive state each spring in red deer. To evaluate the feasibility of achieving out-of-season breeding using thyroidectomized (THX) hinds and a THX stag, oestrous behaviour and ovulation were compared in THX (n=9) and thyroid-intact control hinds (n=6) following synchronization of oestrous cycles with CIDRs and joining with a THX, vasectomized stag in the breeding and non-breeding seasons. In the control group, oestrus and ovulation were recorded in all (100\%) and none (0\%) of hinds during May (breeding season) and October (non-breeding season) respectively (P<0.05), however in THX hinds oestrus and ovulation occurred in a proportion of the animals (33-55\%) and this incidence was not affected by season (P>0.05). Time of onset after synchronization and duration of oestrus were not significantly affected by thyroidectomy or season (P>0.05). To determine if pregnancy could be established in THX hinds in the non-breeding season, all 15 hinds were synchronized for oestrus using CIDRs plus 200 I.U. PMSG and joined with a fertile, THX stag in early December. Any hinds not mated on this occasion were resynchronized using CIDRs plus 400 I.U. PMSG and again joined with a fertile, THX stag. While the lower dose of PMSG was generally ineffective in inducing oestrus (i.e. only 2 THX hinds mated), 50\% of control and 71\% of THX hinds which received 400 I.U. PMSG exhibited overt oestrus. In all, seven out-of-season calvings (3 from thyroid intact and 4 from THX hinds) were obtained from 10 matings (all 3 unsuccessful matings occurred in THX hinds). These results imply that although thyroid gland secretions switch off reproductive activity at the end of the breeding season, they do have a supportive role in the expression of overt oestrus and occurrence of ovulation. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Anderson GM and Barrell GK}
}
@conference {40408,
	title = {The breeding season of pubertal red deer hinds},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {52},
	year = {1992},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {183-186},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {This paper summarises a series of experiments near Rotorua in  which the liveweight changes of sheep grazed on pasture under Pinus  Radiata was measured. In general terms sheep performance was lower as  the tree stocking increased. Long term experiments have shown that  under continuous grazing, sheep performance declines with increased tree  stocking from as early as tree age 5 years. Feed allowance experiments  indicated there may be a general decline in the feed value of pasture  growing under Pinus Radiata. The effects were minor at tree stockings  up to 100 stems per hectare. The effects would be minimised by offering  higher allowances, to provide greater feed selection for the stock.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Duckworth JA and Barrell GK}
}
@conference {40343,
	title = {Effects of fasting and an opioid antagonist on food intake in lambs infected with intestinal parasites},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1991},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {371-374},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {A divergent selection experiment with Romney sheep, using plasma  concentration of IGF-1 measured 4 weeks after weaning as the selection  criterion, was initiated in 1986. From 111 ram lambs born and reared as  twins, 4 with the highest level of IGF-1, 4 with the lowest level and 4  selected at random were used to create three lines (high, low and  control). Each ram was randomly mated with 25 ewes. Data from 1986  (number of lambs=111), and two F1 generations (1988, n=241 and 1989,  n=151) are presented here. Analysis of variance showed that date of  birth, age of dam, rearing rank, and sex significantly contributed to  variation in plasma levels of IGF-1. Expression of variation in plasma  IGF-1 between years appeared to be influenced by variation in pasture  supply. Residual correlations between IGF-1 levels and production  traits were positive but of variable magnitude (weaning weight, 0.14 to  0.43; post-weaning growth rate, -0.07 to 0.24; fleeceweight, 0.27).  Based on the selection differential generated by initial screening of  rams and the average divergency between the high and low lines, realised  heritabilities of 0.22 and 0.27 were obtained for plasma IGF-1  concentration in 1988 and 1989, respectively.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Dynes RA and Poppi DP and Barrell GK and Sykes AR}
}
@conference {40282,
	title = {Oestrous behaviour and luteal function in anoestrous red deer hinds treated with a GnRH analogue or oestradiol},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1991},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {55-62},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Five-year old Coopworth pregnant twin bearing ewes were  allocated to four periods of treatment which commenced either -4, 0, 6  or 12 weeks from lambing periods 1 to 4, respectively. Within each  period, pregnant ewes were further allocated to one of two groups (n+6)  one receiving 4000 Ostertagia(Teladorsagia)  circumcincta larvae per day for 30 days (MCI) or no infection  (NIC). All ewes were housed indoors and offered a pelleted diet.  Faecal egg counts, ewe liveweight, food intake, milk production and  serum pepsinogen were determined weekly. Wool growth, fibre diameter  and tensile strength were determined on wool grown within each  experimental period. Abomasal damage, as judged by serum pepsinogen,  occurred during all periods of infection. The magnitude of production  losses varied with time of challenge. Parasitism reduced milk  production by 10-59\% (p<0.01) and wool staple strength by 29-44\%  (p<0.01) with greatest effects on wool staple strength being recorded  during period 1. During lactation food intake (p<0.01) was reduced by  30\% in period 1 by parasitic infection but little effect was seen prior  to parturition. These data confirm that significant production losses do  occur in breeding ewes. The effects on ewe production of any larval  challenge will depend on the timing of the challenge will depend on the  timing of the challenge and on the susceptibility of the ewe to  infection at that time.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Duckworth JA and Barrell GK}
}
@conference {40222,
	title = {Studies on the physiological basis of appetite depression in nematode infection in sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {249-254},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The influence of preweaning growth rate on postweaning growth   and carcass grading characteristics was investigated in two experiments   with lambs at pasture. Differences in preweaning growth rate due to   within mob variation, feed allowance treatments or rearing rank had   small or no effects on postweaning growth when lambs were offered the   same pasture allowance per unit of liveweight or per head after weaning.   Therefore lambs with slower preweaning growth rates had lighter   carcasses at a common age (P<0.01) or were older at a common weight   (P<0.05). Carcass GR measurements were not significantly influenced by   preweaning growth rates when compared at the same carcass weight and   slaughter date. An increase in weight-adjusted GR measurements was   observed over autumn.    },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Dynes RA and Ankersmit AEL and Poppi DP and Barrell GK and Sykes AR}
}
@conference {40136,
	title = {Effect of melatonin immunisation on liveweight gain of red deer},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {49},
	year = {1989},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {29-34},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The primary constraint to extended milking intervals of dairy cattle without loss of solids production is the storage capacity of the udder needed to accommodate the milk produced over the extended period. This constraint may be overcome by the production of more concentrated milk as the volume of production is a major determinant of udder capacity. The production of more concentrated milk is being explored by two approaches. The first exploits the natural variation in milk solids{\textquoteright} concentration present in commercial dairy herds. The herd test records from LIC, NZDB were used to identify 2 groups of 19 high breeding index Jersey cows with either high or low milk solids content, which were subsequently established at Ruakura in June 1988 along with 19 high BI Friesians. Mean fat concentration in November 1988 was 6.61, 5.32, and 4.74 for high and low solids and Friesian groups respectively. Corresponding values for protein content were 4.34, 3.72 and 3.42\%. Effective hours worth of udder capacity in October-November 1988 was 27.4, 24.8 and 22.9 hours for high solids, low solids and Friesian groups respectively. The second approach involves the use of recombinant DNA techniques to modify the expression of the a-lactalbumin gene, a key component in water secretion in milk. Alpha-lactalbumin, one of the major whey proteins and a component of the enzyme lactose synthetase, plays a major role in regulation and synthesis of lactose, which in turn is the major osmole of milk. Antisense RNA and RNA enzymes can be used for highly specific inhibition of gene expression. These gene blocking agents bind to the {\textquoteright}natural{\textquoteright} mRNA and block translation of the message into a protein. An antisense RNA construct with RNA enzyme cleavage activity against the a-lactalbumin gene has been constructed and is currently under evaluation. This construct will be placed downstream to a mammary specific promoter region and inserted into the bovine genome by gene transfer techniques to produce a transgenic animal. These techniques have considerable potential as tools in physiological studies and for producing animals of superior genotypes.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Duckworth JA and Barrell GK}
}
@conference {40134,
	title = {Water intake of red deer stags consuming dryland pasture or indoors on concentrated feeds},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {49},
	year = {1989},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {21-24},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Exogenous melatonin has been demonstrated to induce early winter furring in farmed mink and fox. In an exploratory trial implants containing either 0, 4, 8, 12 or 18 mg of melatonin (Regulin. Ltd, Melbourne) were inserted subcutaneously in nine groups of ferrets (farmed fitch). The treated groups each consisted of 12 male and 12 female fitch. Forty four untreated fitch comprised the controls. The implants were administered either in mid-January to 8-week old kits or in mid-February to 12-week old kits. At 14-day intervals, all animals were weighed and the 24 hour dry matter consumption of 3 groups (with 0, 8 and 18 mg melatonin implants) measured. All pelts were graded for size, clarity, quality and colour. The melatonin implants caused a significant increase in feed consumption two weeks after administration accompanied by an increase in weight gains. Appetite and weight gains subsequently increased in untreated fitch and weights at pelting were not significantly different between treated and untreated fitch. Melatonin administered in January caused an early, but limited, development of the winter fur pelage. Many of these animals subsequently developed a new winter coat and pelting time was later than for untreated controls. The February treatment caused an advancement in pelt prime by up to 6 weeks compared with control animals (19 April v 1 June). Quality and size attributes of pelts from treated fitch were comparable to control animals. Differences between the various experimental formulations in their ability to maintain high levels of plasma melatonin for long periods was associated with the occurrence of premature moult in some groups. These data indicate that an optimum melatonin treatment strategy has a role on fitch farms in inducing an early pelt prime with savings in feed and labour and increased management control over pelt processing but that suboptimum treatments are contraindicated for this application.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Barrell GK and Topp DF}
}
@conference {40082,
	title = {Effects of oestradiol on skeletal growth in lambs},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {48},
	year = {1988},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {25-28},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Growth and hogget reproduction were recorded in Texel, Oxford Down (Oxford) and Finnish Landrace (Finn) purebreds and crosses born in 1985, 1986 and 1987. Border Leicester and Suffolk cross hoggets were included in 1986 and Suffolk cross, Coopworth and Perendale hoggets in 1987. Amongst the purebreds, Oxfords were heavier at weaning than Texels and Finns (100: 92: 89), and as yearlings (100: 93: 88). Amongst the crossbreds born in 1986, Oxfords were heaviest at weaning with Texel, Border Leicester and Suffolks intermediate and Finn crosses the lightest (100: 97: 96: 95: 92). The yearling weight rankings for these 5 crosses were 100: 98: 94: 93: 88. Following entire joining in May after treatment with progesterone impregnated controlled internal drug releasers and pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin, the number of lambs born per hogget joined were, for 1985 and 1986 born purebreds, 1.40 and 1.11 in Finns; 0.76 and 0.96 in Texels and 0.21 and 0.51 in Oxfords. Amongst the 1986 born crosses, Finns ranked highest (1.31 lambs per hogget), Border Leicester, Suffolk and Texel crosses were intermediate (0.61 to 0.65) and Oxfords lowest (0.44). These findings highlight the role of Oxfords for early growth rate and Finns for exceptionally high early reproduction rate.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Mahgoub O and Barrell GK and Sykes AR}
}
@conference {40093,
	title = {Induction of ovulation in anoestrous red deer hinds with a GnRH analogue},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {48},
	year = {1988},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {71-76},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Mixed-age Coopworth ewes (594) were allocated to 18 groups on the basis of age and live weight. Three groups (n=33) were treated and joined every second month from June 1986 until April 1987. Ewes were treated with controlled internal drug releasers (CIDR) for 14 d and either 0, 400 or 800 iu pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) at CIDR removal. Entire Poll Dorset rams (10\%) were joined at CIDR removal and changed every 6 h during oestrus. Data on interval from CIDR removal to onset of oestrus, duration of oestrus, ovulation rate, pregnancy rate and lambing performance were recorded for all groups. The interval from CIDR removal to the onset of oestrus increased in the non-breeding season and this was modified by PMSG treatment which shorted the interval. The duration of oestrus was shorter in the non- breeding season in ewes with no PMSG and longer in ewes with the higher dose of PMSG. Both dose levels of PMSG prevented the out-of-season reductions in the incidence of oestrus and ovulation. Ovulation rate increased with dose of PMSG and all treatments showed a seasonal change. A decline in conception rate was a major problem even in PMSG treated ewes during the non-breeding season.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Duckworth JA and Barrell GK}
}
@conference {39793,
	title = {Modification of antler growth in red deer stags by use of synthetic progestogen},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {42},
	year = {1982},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {145-148},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {No abstract supplied},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Muir PD and Barrell GK and Sykes AR}
}
