@article {3672,
	title = {The effects of substituting autumn nitrogen fertiliser with gibberellic acid on feed supply and milk production},
	journal = {New Zealand Journal of Animal Science and Production},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2021},
	month = {01/2022},
	pages = {190-195},
	address = {Online},
	abstract = {The aim of this study was to investigate the use of gibberellic acid (GA) to improve feed supply and milk yield in late lactation. A grazing study at Lincoln used 36 lactating, mixed-age, Friesian-Jersey cross dairy cows balanced over three un-replicated treatments of perennial-ryegrass and white-clover pasture treated with nitrogen (N) fertiliser as urea (50 kg N/ha), GA as ProGibb{\textregistered} SG (8 g GA/ha) or untreated (Control). Treatments were applied in late March 2014 and grazed over 12 days in May. There was no effect of treatment on herbage pre-grazing pasture mass (2058{\textpm}6.9 kg DM/ha, P=0.20), clover (3.6{\textpm}0.86\%, P=0.53), ryegrass (88.0{\textpm}2.33\%, P=0.24) or crude protein (CP) content (17.8{\textpm}1.60\%, P=0.31). All milk yield components: 14.6{\textpm}0.40 L/day, 1.4{\textpm}0.09 kg MS/cow/day, 5.4{\textpm}0.33\% fat and 4.4{\textpm}0.21\% protein were similar among treatment groups (P=0.71, 0.14, 0.16 and 0.06, respectively). Although faecal-N content of cows on GA pasture (3.72\% N) was higher (P<0.001) than cows on N-fertilised pasture (3.45\% N) there was no treatment effect (P>0.05) on urinary-N content (0.4 {\textpm} 0.02\% N) or N excretion in milk (101{\textpm}4.4 g N/cow/d). The lack of response to GA or N fertiliser highlights the importance of timing of growth promotants for late lactation.

Keywords: perennial ryegrass; white clover; urea; growth promotants; dairy cow; milk production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Miller ME and Edwards GR and Hague H and Bryant RH}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {Urine volume of non-lactating dairy cows in late gestation fed forage based diets in winter},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {76},
	year = {2016},
	month = {07/2016},
	pages = {22-25},
	address = {Adelaide},
	abstract = {Quantitative information on urine volume of dairy cows fed winter forages is required to accurately evaluate nitrate leaching risks
on these diets. Thirty-two Friesian x Jersey non-lactating, pregnant dairy cows were fed either 10 kg DM of fodder beet with 5.6
kg DM of ryegrass baleage or 16.4 kg DM of kale with 6.4 kg of oat silage. Cows were fitted with a urine meter for 24 to 72 hours
to record the frequency and volume of urine events. Daily urine volume (28 {\textpm} 3 L/cow/day), frequency (9 {\textpm} 0.89 events/cow/day),
and event volume (3.2 {\textpm} 0.3 L/event) were not significantly different between fodder beet and kale treatments. This was despite
respective differences in total apparent water (51 vs. 70 L/cow/day, {\textpm} 2, P<0.001) and nitrogen (N) intake (231 vs. 488 g N/cow/
day, {\textpm} 9.4, P<0.001). In this study, water consumption and N intake did not appear to be linked with urine volume of dairy cows
when two different forage diets were compared.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Farrell LJ and Bryant RH and Hague H and Edwards GR}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {Milk production and urination behaviour of dairy cows grazing diverse and simple pasture},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2015},
	month = {07/2015},
	pages = {79-83},
	address = {Dunedin},
	abstract = { Milk production and urination patterns were measured for mid-lactation dairy cows grazing a simple perennial ryegrass-white
clover pasture (n = 15) and a more diverse pasture (n = 15) containing herb (chicory and plantain) and legume (lucerne) species in
addition to the perennial ryegrass and white clover. Milksolids production was similar for simple (2.09 kg MS/cow/d) and diverse
(1.94 kg MS/cow/d) pasture. Urination volume and frequency were similar for simple (2.0 L/urination, 11.6 urinations/cow/d) and
diverse (2.2 L/urination, 15.0 urinations/cow/d) pasture. Urine-nitrogen (N) concentration was 20\% lower for diverse (4.9 g N/L)
than simple (6.1 g N/L) pasture. Diverse pastures may offer benefits for reducing the environmental impact of dairy farming by
reducing the N loading of urine patches.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Edwards GR and Bryant RH and Smith N and Hague H and Ferris A and Farell L}
}
