@article {3672,
	title = {Association of bacterial contamination of colostrum with passive immunity and growth rates in dairy heifer calves},
	journal = {New Zealand Journal of Animal Science and Production},
	volume = {79},
	year = {2019},
	month = {07/2019},
	pages = {149-152},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {Failure of passive transfer of immunity in calves is associated with poor-quality colostrum, determined by Immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration. Another quality problem of colostrum is bacterial contamination, which can impair IgG absorption by the calf. Thirty-five samples from daily pooled first-milking colostrum collected over a period of six weeks were tested for IgG concentration and bacterial contamination. Seventeen of 35 first-milking colostrum samples (49\%) had bacterial counts above a 100,000 CFU/ml threshold. Twenty-nine of the 35 pooled colostrum samples were fed to 63 newborn heifer calves, of which 12 (41\%) had bacterial loads above 100,000 CFU/ml and were fed to 36 calves. Only eight samples (28\%) had Brix values >22\% and five samples (17\%) fed to nine calves met the criteria of low bacterial load and high Brix (>22\%). Twelve of the 63 calves (19\%) had serum IgG concentrations <10 mg/ml so were classified as having failure of passive transfer, of which 10 of these calves were offered colostrum with high bacterial counts. However, there was no association of level of bacterial contamination with subsequent growth. There were no differences in serum IgG concentrations of calves which were fed colostrum that exceeded the quality threshold and those that were not. Calves with greater serum IgG concentrations grew faster (P<0.05). },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Back PJ and Hickson RE and Sneddon NW and Coleman LW and Laven RA}
}
@article {3672,
	title = {Milk production and rebreeding performance of mixed-aged dairy cows mated to Angus or Hereford bulls},
	journal = {New Zealand Journal of Animal Science and Production},
	volume = {79},
	year = {2019},
	month = {07/2019},
	pages = {144-148},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {Approximately 72\% of New Zealand dairy cows are artificially mated to generate replacement heifers. There is an opportunity to mate the remaining dairy cows to beef bulls, generating a calf that has value as a beef-cross-dairy animal. Angus and Hereford are the predominant beef breeds in New Zealand, with Hereford the most common beef breed used in the dairy industry. The aim of this experiment was to determine whether there was a difference in milk production and rebreeding performance of mixed-aged dairy cows producing a calf sired by an Angus or Hereford bull, and if calf birth weight influenced these parameters. Cows were artificially bred to Angus or Hereford bulls. Service sire-breed had no effect on milk production in early lactation. Cows producing Angus-sired calves had a 2.4 kg greater 253-day protein yield (P<0.05) than did cows producing Hereford-sired calves, however, there was no effect of calf sire-breed on the 253-day yields of milk, fat and milksolids. The in-calf rate and inter-calving interval did not differ between service sire-breed. There was no effect of calf birth weight on milk production, in-calf rate or inter-calving interval. The results of this experiment suggest that there are no negative effects associated with artificially breeding cows to Angus compared to Hereford bulls. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Coleman LW and Back PJ and Blair HT and Lopez-villalobos N and Hickson RE}
}
@article {3672,
	title = {Assessment of vigour in early life of dairy calves in New Zealand},
	journal = {New Zealand Journal of Animal Science and Production},
	volume = {78},
	year = {2018},
	month = {07/2018},
	pages = {161-164},
	address = {Lincoln},
	abstract = {Vigour of dairy calves in the first few days of life may be a relevant predictor of subsequent performance in an artificial-rearing
system. This experiment aimed to evaluate two scoring systems to determine whether they detected variation in beef-sired calves
born in the New Zealand pastoral dairy system. The scoring systems included a vigour score devised for housed dairy calves in
Canada which had a range of physical and physiological parameters assessed, and a drinking score assessed at the feeder in the first
few days of life (1=calf does not attempt to suck on feeder, 5=calf drinks vigorously for the whole feed). Calves generally scored
highly (17-21 out of a possible 22 points) on the vigour score and meconium staining, head/tongue swelling, movement and heart
rate showed little to no variation among calves. The drinking score showed that few calves scored in the low categories, and the
scoring system may be improved by creating greater separation within the higher categories. Angus-cross calves were more likely
to have a higher drinking score than Hereford-cross calves, and light or young calves were more likely to have low drinking scores.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Gillingham J and Coleman LW and Back PJ and Mueller K and Hickson RE}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {Brief Communication: Managing liveweight gain of Holstein-Friesian, Jersey and Holstein- Friesian-Jersey crossbred heifer calves},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2017},
	month = {06/2017},
	pages = {69-71},
	address = {Rotorua},
	abstract = {Large numbers of replacement heifers are not meeting target live weights in New Zealand (McNaughton \& Lopdell 2012; Handcock et al. 2016) which has implications for future milk production, fertility and subsequent longevity in the herd (Van Amburgh \& Tikofsky 2001; McNaughton \& Lopdell 2013). Undergrown heifers can lead to an overall decline in a herd{\textquoteright}s reproductive performance and milk production (McNaughton \& Lopdell 2012). McNaughton and Lopdell (2013) reported that for every 1\% increase in the percentage of live weight attained, heifers produced approximately 23 litres of extra milk during their first two lactations. As such, heifer growth, particularly post-weaning growth, has been identified as an area requiring greater attention from farmers to improve cow performance. There are established breed liveweight targets as well as liveweight targets based on an individual animals genetic potential and the growth of individual animals and groups can be monitored using programmes such as Livestock Improvement Corporation{\textquoteright}s MINDA Weights{\texttrademark} herd-recording software. However, while growth targets are commonly used, in many cases, being {\textquoteleft}on-target{\textquoteright} is based on a mob average, resulting in a proportion of animals below target live weight....},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Back PJ and Hickson RE and Sneddon NW and Coleman LW and Laven RA}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {Grazing behaviour and species selection of heifer calves fed different forages.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {76},
	year = {2016},
	month = {07/2016},
	pages = {126-131},
	address = {Adelaide},
	abstract = {<p>The aim of this experiment was to determine whether there was a difference in the behaviour of calves grazing different forages. Weaned dairy heifer calves (n = 64) were assigned to two different forage feeding treatments: ryegrass pasture and a clover-herb mix. Behavioural observations were recorded every 10 minutes over a 72 h period. Behaviours recorded were standing, walking, lying or sitting, grazing, ruminating, drinking/grooming, playing and various combinations of these. Calves grazing pasture spent more time lying and ruminating compared to calves grazing the clover-herb mix (34.6\% vs 16.7\%), and less time standing and grazing (17.2\% vs 32.2\%). Calves were less active from late evening and early morning and more likely to be ruminating earlier in the day and grazing later in the day. Plant selection (measured as plant disappearance rate) was determined in calves grazing the clover-herb mix. Red clover had the highest disappearance rate on all days compared to other species (P\&lt;0.05). Plantain, chicory and white clover eaten on day one did not differ in proportions eaten, but by day three less red clover and chicory remained compared to plantain and white clover (P\&lt;0.05).</p>
},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Back PJ and Hickson RE and Lilly VM and Coleman LW and Sneddon NW and Laven RA}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {BRIEF COMMUNICATION: Composition of milk sampled from beef-cross-dairy cows unaccustomed to milking.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2015},
	month = {07/2015},
	pages = {260-262},
	address = {Dunedin},
	abstract = { },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Hickson RE and Back PJ and Coleman LW and Lopez-Villalobos N and Kenyon PR and Morris ST}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {BRIEF COMMUNICATION: Do high-milk diets affect the growth rate of heifers prior to weaning?},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2015},
	month = {07/2015},
	pages = {263-265},
	address = {Dunedin},
	abstract = { },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Cardoso DS and Hickson RE and Laven RA and Coleman LW and Back PJ}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {Colostral immunoglobulin G as a predictor for serum immunoglobulin G concentration in dairy calves},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2015},
	month = {07/2015},
	pages = {3-8},
	address = {Dunedin},
	abstract = { Feeding newborn calves high-quality colostrum is of well-recognised importance as calves that do not receive an adequate
concentration of immunoglobulin-G (IgG) have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. This experiment aimed to characterise
IgG concentrations in colostrum from the first milking in New Zealand dairy cows, examine IgG status of calves, and to evaluate
the use of a refractometer for estimating quality of colostrum in terms of IgG concentration. Heifer calves entered the calf shed at
0-24 hours of age and were fed pooled first-milking colostrum within eight hours of entering the shed. Blood samples were taken
the following morning. Cows were individually milked and samples from individual and pooled colostrum were analysed. IgG
concentration of serum and colostrum samples were determined by turbidimetric immunoassay. IgG concentration was adequate
according to commercial reference ranges in 70.1\% of individual colostrum, 80.0\% of pooled colostrum and 82.5\% of calf serum
samples. There was no relationship between calf serum and IgG concentration in dam or pooled colostrum. The refractometer was
a good predictor of IgG concentration in serum (r=0.64, P<0.0001) and colostrum both in dam (r=0.87, P<0.0001) and pooled
(r=0.81, P<0.0001) samples. The relationship between IgG concentration and refractometer reading indicates that it could be a
useful on-farm tool.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Coleman LW and Hickson RE and Amoore J and Laven RA and Back PJ}
}
@conference {3678,
	title = {BRIEF COMMUNICATION: Quality of meat from steers born to beef-cross-dairy cows and sired by Hereford bulls},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {74},
	year = {2014},
	month = {06/2014},
	pages = {229-232},
	address = {Napier},
	abstract = {The dairy industry is playing an increasing role in beef production in New Zealand. It is estimated that 65\% of the beef produced in New Zealand originates from dairy herds in the form of Friesian bull beef, first-cross dairy-beef cattle, or cull cows (Morris 2008). The dairy herd has a role in the generation of beef-cross-dairy breed heifers that are used as beef breeding cows. Dairy cattle genetics are not orientated towards meat production and this raises the question as to the suitability of beef-cross-dairy breed cows for producing progeny that are slaughtered for meat production. The quality of meat from the progeny of first-cross dairy-beef cows is largely unknown.
The main dairy breed used in New Zealand is the Holstein-Friesian and the Jersey breed is also very predominant. To take advantage of hybrid vigour, the Friesian-Jersey cross is commonplace in the New Zealand dairy herd. The Friesian-Jersey cross is now considered as a breed in itself and called the {\textquotedblleft}Kiwi-cross{\textquotedblright} or {\textquotedblleft}Kiwi{\textquotedblright} breed (Garrick \& Lopez-Villalobos, 1998). Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the quality of meat from steers which had an Angus (AA), Angus-cross-Friesian (AF), Angus-cross-Kiwi (AK) or Angus-cross-Jersey (AJ) dam. The steers were sired by Hereford bulls and so, the straight-bred Angus dams (AA) provided steers with beef-only genetics for comparison....},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Schreurs NM and Hickson RE and Coleman LW and Kenyon PR and Martin NP and Morris ST}
}
