@article {3672,
	title = {Temperament of hand-reared beef-cross-dairy cattle does not influence production traits},
	journal = {New Zealand Journal of Animal Science and Production},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2021},
	month = {01/2022},
	pages = {57-62},
	address = {Online},
	abstract = {Abstract
Evaluation of temperament of calves early in life is associated with growth and meat quality in extensively farmed beef cattle. However, the relationship between temperament and performance is unclear for hand-reared beef-cross-dairy calves. This experiment analysed temperament of 1077 Angus- and Hereford-sired cattle born to dairy-breed cows and hand-reared, and evaluated the value of these measurements as predictors of growth and meat quality traits. Cattle in this study were calm, with mean exit velocity (EV) between 0.76 and 1.15 m/s from 200 d to 800 d, crush score (CS) between 1.38 and 1.79 from 200 d to slaughter (1-5 scale), and measurements were highly correlated at all ages (P<0.05). Temperament at 200 d and 400 d was not related to growth, but CS was related to growth from 600-800 d (-0.011 kg/d for a 1-point increase in CS at 600 d, P<0.05). Temperament at 800 d or before slaughter was not related to meat ultimate pH or colour score. The small variation in temperament among animals was probably the consequence of cattle being acclimatised to the presence of humans due to hand-rearing and frequent handling. Therefore, temperament is unlikely to be an issue in hand-reared beef-cross-dairy cattle and should not influence growth and meat quality traits.
Keywords: Artificial rearing; beef-on-dairy; beef production; crush score; exit speed; exit velocity; flight time},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Martin NP and Schreurs NM and Morris ST and Lopez-villalobos N and McDade JL and Hickson RE}
}
@article {3672,
	title = {Is it possible to produce good quality meat from Holstein-Friesian bulls?},
	journal = {New Zealand Journal of Animal Science and Production},
	volume = {78},
	year = {2018},
	month = {07/2018},
	pages = {194-199},
	address = {Lincoln},
	abstract = {There is potential to increase the value of meat from Holstein-Friesian bulls by increasing the proportion of carcasses that are of
suitable quality to be eligible for primal cuts sold in high-value markets. The objective of this study was to explore relationships
between carcass and meat-quality traits from Holstein-Friesian bulls between 21-38 months of age, slaughtered on different
occasions. Meat samples of M. longissimus lumborum were collected at slaughter and chill-aged at -1.5{\textordmasculine}C for seven days. The
means ({\textpm}s.d.) were: carcass weight 313{\textpm}29 kg (n=256), dressing-out 54.7{\textpm}2.6\% (n=256), ultimate pH 5.9{\textpm}0.38 (n=221), shear
force 11.34{\textpm}4.93 kgF (n=221), cook loss 28.4{\textpm}5.4\% (n=220) and colour indexes (n=159) L* (lightness) 36.06{\textpm}2.96, a* (redness)
12.38{\textpm}4.04 and b* (yellowness) 8.74{\textpm}2.24. A total of 80 samples (36\%) were found to be both of acceptable tenderness (below
10.9 kgF) and pH less than 5.8. Alleviating meat pH issues is required to ensure high-quality meat from bulls that is suitable for
high-value primal cuts.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Martin NP and Schreurs NM and Morris ST and McDade JL and Craigie CR and Hickson RE}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {BRIEF COMMUNICATION: Days to calving and intercalving interval in beef and dairy-beef crossbred cows},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {76},
	year = {2016},
	month = {07/2016},
	pages = {31-33},
	address = {Adelaide},
	abstract = {One important attribute of a beef-breeding cow is the
ability to wean a calf every year. Furthermore, an earlierborn
calf is likely to be heavier at weaning and its dam has
more opportunity to conceive again during the following
breeding season. In a spring-calving system under the
seasonal pastoral-grazing system in New Zealand, a 365-
day intercalving interval is desirable. A normal gestation
length is 280 days leaving 85 days for a cow to resume
oestrous cycles and conceive again to maintain the 365-
day calving interval. Literature estimates of the interval
between calving and the first oestrous cycle post-calving
are 53-82 days for mixed-aged beef-breeding cows and
81-95 days for first-lactation beef-breeding cows (Hickson
et al. 2012; Knight \& Nicoll 1978; Morris et al. 1978;
Smeaton et al. 1986), indicating that a 365-day calving
interval is difficult to maintain.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Morris ST and Hickson RE and Martin NP and Kenyon PR}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {The influence of age and breed of cow on colostrum indicators of suckled beef calves},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {76},
	year = {2016},
	month = {07/2016},
	pages = {163-168},
	address = {Adelaide},
	abstract = {Rearing a calf to weaning is a key measure of performance in a beef breeding cow herd. Adequate intake of colostral antibodies
by the calf in the first few hours of life is important for passive transfer of immunity, and so is beneficial for calf survival. This
experiment aimed to examine the role of udder conformation, maternal age and breed-cross on the colostral status of suckled
calves. Udder conformation of Angus, Angus-cross-Friesian, Angus-cross-Jersey and Angus-cross-Kiwicross cows was scored
according to Animal Evaluation Limited and BreedPlan standards, and colostral status of calves was determined based on gamma
glutamyltransferase activity, immunoglobulin G and total protein concentrations at 24-48 hours of age. Udder conformation was
similar (P>0.05) among breed-crosses except Angus cows had looser front udder attachment, lower rear udder attachment and less
desirable udders overall than Angus-cross-dairy cows (P<0.05). Most udder conformation scores did not affect colostral status of
calves. The exception was teat placement score, for which more outward-pointing teats were associated with improved colostrum
status of calves (P<0.05). Survival to weaning was greater for calves with adequate compared with inadequate colostral status
(P<0.001).},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Hickson RE and Back PJ and Martin NP and Kenyon PR and Morris ST}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {Beef cattle wintering systems: effects on cattle and pasture.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2015},
	month = {07/2015},
	pages = {167-171},
	address = {Dunedin},
	abstract = { The wet winter months are a risk period for damage to pasture under grazing systems in New Zealand. The use of stand-off pads
and alternative forages and grazing systems may alleviate these risks, but may also impact on the performance and welfare of
cattle. This experiment compared four wintering systems for growing beef calves (9{\textendash}11 months old, n=103) in terms of growth
rate and welfare of calves, and damage to pasture. Treatments were a forage crop of oats, set-stocked grazing on pasture, breakfed
on pasture, and break-fed on pasture with use of a concrete feedpad and wood-shavings stand-off area when the soil was wet.
Liveweight gain was greatest (P<0.05) for the set-stocked (0.81{\textpm}0.02 kg/day) and break-fed calves (0.52{\textpm}0.02 kg/day), and least
for the calves in the feedpad (0.19{\textpm}0.02 kg/day) and crop treatments (0.10{\textpm}0.02 kg/day). The percentage of calves lying down was
least in the break-fed and oats treatments (P<0.05) but faecal corticosterone concentration was greatest in the feedpad treatment
(P<0.05). Pasture damage was greater under rotational grazing (score 3.8/5) than set stocking (score 2.9/5), but use of the feedpad
did not prevent damage to pasture (score 3.4/5). Set-stocking had the best outcomes for calves and pasture.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Little CL and Hickson RE and Martin NP and Beausoleil NJ and Cockrem JF and Kenyon PR and Horne D and Morris ST}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {BRIEF COMMUNICATION: Walking distance and energy expenditure of beef cows grazing on hill country in winter},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2015},
	month = {07/2015},
	pages = {164-166},
	address = {Dunedin},
	abstract = { },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Martin NP and Hickson RE and Draganova I and Horne D and Kenyon PR and Morris ST}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {Growth rate and carcass characteristics of Simmental- and Angus-sired steers born to Angus and Angus-cross-dairy cows},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2015},
	month = {07/2015},
	pages = {15-19},
	address = {Dunedin},
	abstract = { Traditionally, British breeds have been the main source of beef produced in New Zealand. Recently the use of dairy breeds has
increased. This experiment evaluates the growth rate and carcass characteristics of steers (n=64) born to straightbred Angus
(AA), Angus-cross-Holstein Friesian (AF), Angus-cross-Jersey (AJ) or Angus-cross-Kiwicross (AK) dams, and sired by Angus
(A) or Simmental (S) bulls. This created eight crossbred treatments: A-AA (n=10), A-AF (n=9), A-AJ (n=10), A-AK (n=5),
S-AA (n=11), S-AF (n=3), S-AJ (n=11) and S-AK (n=5). Live weight between 329 days of age and slaughter, and ultrasoundderived
and slaughter-day carcass characteristics were measured. At 400 and 600 days of age, respectively, Simmental-sired steers
were 22 kg and 37 kg heavier than Angus-sired steers (P<0.05). All steers had a similar intramuscular fat percentage (P>0.05).
Simmental-sired steers had greater eye-muscle area than Angus-sired steers (P<0.05). Simmental-sired steers had heavier and
longer carcasses, and greater dressing-out percentages than Angus-sired steers (P<0.05). Simmental sires produced fast-growing
progeny with heavier carcasses than Angus sires for all dam lines. Angus-cross-dairy cows produced steer progeny with similar
carcass characteristics to those from Angus cows bred with beef bulls.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Collier KJD and Hickson RE and Schreurs NM and Martin NP and Kenyon PR and Morris ST}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {Stayability of beef-cross-dairy breeding cows to six years of age},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2015},
	month = {07/2015},
	pages = {159-163},
	address = {Dunedin},
	abstract = { The use of dairy-beef crosses is widespread throughout the New Zealand beef industry. Cattle originating from dairy herds make
up 50 {\textendash} 55\% of New Zealand beef exports by weight (Morris \& Kenyon 2014). However, there is little information available
regarding the use of beef-cross-dairy cows as breeding cows in terms of reproductive success and stayability in the herd. A study
was conducted to investigate the pattern of cow culling and stayability from eight months of age until marking of the fifth calf of
straight-bred Angus and Angus-cross-Friesian, Angus-cross-Jersey and Angus-cross-Kiwicross cows. The results showed that the
stayability of these breeding cows was low, however, there were no differences in the stayability of straight-bred Angus or beefcross-
dairy cows.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Hickson RE and Corner-Thomas RA and Martin NP and Kenyon PR and Lopez-Villalobos N and Morris ST}
}
@conference {3678,
	title = {BRIEF COMMUNICATION: Quality of meat from steers born to beef-cross-dairy cows and sired by Hereford bulls},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {74},
	year = {2014},
	month = {06/2014},
	pages = {229-232},
	address = {Napier},
	abstract = {The dairy industry is playing an increasing role in beef production in New Zealand. It is estimated that 65\% of the beef produced in New Zealand originates from dairy herds in the form of Friesian bull beef, first-cross dairy-beef cattle, or cull cows (Morris 2008). The dairy herd has a role in the generation of beef-cross-dairy breed heifers that are used as beef breeding cows. Dairy cattle genetics are not orientated towards meat production and this raises the question as to the suitability of beef-cross-dairy breed cows for producing progeny that are slaughtered for meat production. The quality of meat from the progeny of first-cross dairy-beef cows is largely unknown.
The main dairy breed used in New Zealand is the Holstein-Friesian and the Jersey breed is also very predominant. To take advantage of hybrid vigour, the Friesian-Jersey cross is commonplace in the New Zealand dairy herd. The Friesian-Jersey cross is now considered as a breed in itself and called the {\textquotedblleft}Kiwi-cross{\textquotedblright} or {\textquotedblleft}Kiwi{\textquotedblright} breed (Garrick \& Lopez-Villalobos, 1998). Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the quality of meat from steers which had an Angus (AA), Angus-cross-Friesian (AF), Angus-cross-Kiwi (AK) or Angus-cross-Jersey (AJ) dam. The steers were sired by Hereford bulls and so, the straight-bred Angus dams (AA) provided steers with beef-only genetics for comparison....},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Schreurs NM and Hickson RE and Coleman LW and Kenyon PR and Martin NP and Morris ST}
}
@conference {3677,
	title = {Growth rates of dairy heifers fed alternative feeds },
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {74},
	year = {2014},
	month = {06/2014},
	pages = {29-34},
	address = {Napier},
	abstract = {Dairy heifers need to achieve average daily gains (ADG) that allow them to reach liveweight targets. The aim of this experiment was to measure the effects of grazing 6-month-old dairy heifers on alternative feeds, over the summer period. Sixty 6-month-old Friesian-Jersey crossbred heifers were assigned to one of three treatments (pasture (P), conserved forages (C) or lucerne (L), with all treatments receiving supplementary meal. For the 6-week experiment, feed allowance was based on liveweight gain required to meet liveweight targets. Heifers were weighed at 0, 3 and 6 weeks of the treatment period. Wither height, crown-to-rump length and girth circumference were measured at the start and end of the experiment. L heifers had a greater (P<0.05) average daily gain (1.22 + 0.03 kg/day) than P heifers (0.57 + 0.03 kg/day), and C heifers were intermediate (0.78 + 0.03 kg/day). L and C heifers had a greater (P<0.01) increase in wither height (0.15 + 0.01 cm/day and 0.14 + 0.01 cm/day respectively) than P heifers (0.11 + 0.01 cm/day). L heifers had the greatest (P<0.05) increase in girth circumference (0.30 + 0.02 cm/day, compared with P and C heifers: 0.22 + 0.02 cm/day and 0.16 + 0.02 cm/day respectively). A combined diet of lucerne and meal during drought conditions increased ADG resulting in a greater proportion of heifers reaching liveweight targets.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {de Clifford RP and Hickson RE and Martin NP and Back PJ}
}
@conference {89240,
	title = {Ewe live weight and body condition in mid-to- late-pregnancy does not affect the maximum heat production capacity of its lamb at birth},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {73},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {143-145},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Hamilton},
	abstract = {<p>Under pastoral conditions, lambs are often exposed to wind, cold and rain that result in neonatal mortality. Thus any improved thermoregulatory response has the potential to increase lamb survival. Especially in light lambs, there is a strong negative relationship between birth weight and mortality (Everett-Hincks \&amp; Dodds 2008). Birth weight also regulates the lamb{\textquoteright}s thermoregulatory capability (Kerslake et al. 2010). Lamb birth weight is influenced by ewe live weight, ewe bodycondition score and the variation in these parameters (Everett-Hincks \&amp; Dodds 2008; Schreurs et al. 2012). Therefore, ewe live weight and ewe body condition score may influence the thermoregulatory capability of the newborn lamb and its survival to weaning.</p>
},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Martin NP and Kenyon PR and Hickson RE and Kerslake JI and Morris ST}
}
