@conference {78983,
	title = {Weight management considerations prior to mating to control litter size in Inverdale ewes},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {72},
	year = {2012},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {42-44},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Christchurch},
	abstract = {<p><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: ARIAL;">Nutritional flushing of ewes prior to mating is a routine component of many commercial farming operations to maximise profitability by increasing the number of lambs born per ewe. In the 1990s, the Inverdale mutation ... continued</span></p>
},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smaill B and Juengel JL and Davis GH and Demmers KJ}
}
@conference {41719,
	title = {Current status of QTL and association studies in New Zealand cattle , sheep and deer},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {153-159},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Wanaka},
	abstract = {In the last 15 years, a series of experiments has beencarried out to search for quantitative trait loci (QTL) in New Zealand cattle, sheepand deer. A QTL represents the position on a chromosome where there is a statistically significant genetic effecton a measured trait. This paper reviews data published so far from these QTL trials and from various association studies. Although the measurement of traits (or {\textquoteleft}phenotypes{\textquoteright}) and the sampling of tissue or fluid for DNA may be complete, the genotyping of DNA isstill incomplete in most studies; further work may be expected as new DNA genotyping techniques and new genomic data become available, and as funds allow. In cattle, we describe the current status of research for carcass composition, meat quality, pubertal traits, milk yield and milk composition traits, and resistance to facial eczema and bloat. In sheep, we include QTL searches for disease traits (resistance to nematode parasites, facial eczema, ryegrass staggers, and footrot), muscling and carcass composition, reproductive traits, wool traits, and lamb survival. In deer, QTL searches have been carried out for live weights, seasonality and pubertal traits, using measurements from an interspecific hybrid. Generally, significant results have been followed further by finemapping and independent validation, before release to industry. Some of the mapping techniques will be described, with examples. So far, QTLs under study in New Zealand have led to the identification and use of gene-tests or marker-tests for meat tenderness and carcass composition in beef cattle, milk yield and composition traits in dairy cattle, and meat yield \%, muscling and litter size genes in sheep.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Morris CA and Campbell AW and Cullen NG and Davis GH and Everett-Hincks JM and Hall RJ and Henry HM and PL Johnson and McEwan JC and Phua SH and Wilson T}
}
@conference {41312,
	title = {The effects of mid-pregnancy nutrition and shearing on ewe body reserves and foetal growth},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2002},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {49-52},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {In an experiment replicated over three years, ewes were individually fed concentrate diets containing two levels of protein (12 and 18\%) at either maintenance or 1.5 x maintenance from days 35 to 74 of pregnancy, and then at an allowance of approximately 2.0 kgDM/head/day on pasture until parturition. Half of the ewes within each treatment were shorn on day 74. Ewes were CT scanned to measure body composition at days 35, 74, 115 and 140 of pregnancy. Neither protein nor energy level fed during mid-pregnancy had any significant effects on conceptus growth, birth weight or lamb skeletal measurements. Shearing resulted in changes in ewe body composition as well as an increase of 0.36 kg (P<0.01) in lamb birth weights. Lambs from the shorn ewes were 14 mm longer in length (P<0.05) but 8 mm shorter in height (P<0.05) than those from unshorn ewes. Shorn ewes lost 1.3 kg more body fat (P<0.001) than their unshorn contemporaries over the second half of pregnancy. Unshorn ewes lost 0.74 kg of carcass lean over this period, while the shorn ewes gained 0.22 kg (P<0.001). The results show that ewes can be fed maintenance during mid-pregnancy if this allows good quality feed reserves to be built up in front of them for the third trimester. Mid-pregnancy shearing is likely to increase lamb survival in multiple born lambs through higher birth weights.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Jopson NB and Davis GH and Farquhar PA and Bain WE}
}
@conference {41085,
	title = {Experiences of a pioneer in the commercial sheep pregnancy scanning business},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {59},
	year = {1999},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {91-92},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Since 1991, ultrasonic pregnancy scanning has developed from a tool used initially to identify dry ewes, into one that accurately identifies ewes carrying singles, twins and triplets. The use of scanning to determine litter size has expanded from stud flocks into a large proportion of commercial flocks. Satisfying the demand for pregnancy scanning has in eight years grown into an industry that employs about 90 scanner operators in the South Island during the peak of the season. Scanning is well established as a vital tool for the monitoring and management of breeding ewes. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Farmer RJ and Davis GH}
}
@conference {41078,
	title = {Farm and Flock Monitoring - Introduction},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {59},
	year = {1999},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {76},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {in recent years, sheep farmers have embraced farm and flock monitoring as techniques to increase the profit-ability of their business.  Clutha Farms 2000 (CF 2000) was established in South Otago to enable sheep farmers to monitor the performance of their farms.  The standard re-cording format applied to each members farm has been the basis of benchmarking, whereby each member can com-pare their farms performance against that of other mem-bers farming in a similar environment.  The early success of the scheme has encouraged other regions to set up simi-lar schemes and an umbrella organisation, FT 2000, has been formed to co-ordinate and encourage new groups throughout New Zealand.
Ultrasonic pregnancy scanning as a quick and reli-able technique for identifying the number of foetuses car-ried by each ewe has opened new opportunities for the management of breeding flocks.  The ability to separate mobs of ewes according to their pregnancy status has al-lowed farmers to run multiple-bearing ewes with greater confidence.  Pregnancy scanning has also improved the monitoring of flock performance by highlighting losses between mid-pregnancy and tailing. For farmers who were previously unaware of the magnitude of their neonatal lamb mortality, the capacity to accurately measure this loss has motivated them to make greater effort to improve lamb sur-vival. An  index relating scanning percentage to mating liveweight has been a useful basis for benchmarking flock prolificacy. This contract draws on the experiences of those who had a pioneering role in establishing farm and flock moni-toring, those who in various ways provide monitoring serv-ices, and farmers who use and benefit from monitoring.  In keeping with the location of this years annual conference,
the contract has a heavy southern bias, but as farm and flock monitoring are becoming increasingly available through-out New Zealand there is the potential to significantly im-prove the production and profitability of the entire sheep industry.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Davis GH}
}
@conference {41095,
	title = {A genetic test to identify carriers of the ovine Inverdale fecundity gene},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {59},
	year = {1999},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {114-116},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The Inverdale high fecundity gene (FecXI ) is carried on the sheep X-chromosome. This provides a convenient means of producing prolific single copy carrier ewes because all daughters of a carrier ram will inherit the gene. A single copy of the gene increases litter size by about 0.6 lambs per ewe lambing. However, ewes homozygous for the gene are infertile. Production of elite rams that carry the gene requires the ability to distinguish between non-carrier and single copy carrier animals. Three DNA markers flanking the gene in a 10 cM (centiMorgan) region have been used to develop a genetic test that can identify single and double copy carriers in most cases. The test relies on detecting inheritance of the Inverdale region of the X-chromosome in offspring of known carriers. Validity of the genetic test has been confirmed by progeny testing of rams and laparoscopy of ewes. The test has recently been adapted to DNA obtained from a few plucked wool follicles. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Galloway SM and Cambridge LM and Henry HM and Van Stijn TC and Davis GH}
}
@conference {41016,
	title = {Cost-benefit analysis of commercial use of the Inverdale prolificacy gene},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {58},
	year = {1998},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {157-160},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The Inverdale prolificacy gene is one of several potential major genes currently being explored for commercial application to the New Zealand sheep industry. We calculated economic benefits of two strategies to breed Inverdale carrier stud rams using gene flow methodology. Strategy 1 involves continuous transition matings from a conventional stud flock to generate Inverdale carrier ewes while Inverdale carrier ewes are self replacing in Strategy 2. Strategy 1 involved less DNA testing per ram sold, resulting in a $140 saving in testing costs at $50 per test. Reduction in conventional genetic response was also lower for Strategy 1 (<5\% as opposed to 24\% for Strategy 2) although Strategy 1 requires closer monitoring of animal identification and some Inverdale rams must be kept to produce carrier ewes. Commercial Inverdale use was shown to be highly beneficial in an existing terminal sire mating system with an added value over a normal ram of $3350 per Inverdale ram purchased. This was also highly cost effective with an expected DNA test price of $50 to $75 per sheep genotyped. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Amer PR and McEwan JC and Dodds KG and Davis GH}
}
@conference {40879,
	title = {Effect of the Inverdale gene (Fec X) on fleece characteristics in Romney sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1997},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {29-32},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The effect of the Inverdale gene (FecX) on wool production traits was measured in a trial where Romney carrier rams (I) were crossed and backcrossed with high fleece weight-selected (HF) Romney ewes, and Romney non-carrier rams (+) with unselected (RC) Romney ewes. The trial generated 248 female progeny in five genotype subgroups: non-carrier (++){\textonehalf}RC and {\textonequarter}RC; heterozygous (I+){\textonehalf}HF and {\textonequarter}HF; and homozygous (II) {\textonequarter}HF. The live weight, fleece weight, wool characteristics and reproductive performance of these genotype subgroups were compared, and from corresponding genotype subgroups of male progeny (n = 307) were also evaluated for early growth and fleece traits. No differences were found for birth, hogget shearing and two-tooth live weights among genotypes. Greasy fleece weight was significantly (P<0.05) higher for I+{\textonehalf}HF ewes shorn as lambs (9\%), hoggets (8\%) and two-tooths (10\%) compared with ++{\textonehalf}RC. The important wool characteristics of yield, fibre diameter, bulk, staple length and staple crimp did not differ significantly between genotypes. The ovulation rate (combining subgroups with the same Inverdale genotype) was significantly (P<0.05) higher for I+ (2.3) than ++ (1.5) progeny (SED: 0.3). The results suggest that introgression of FecXI into fleece weight selection flocks will improve prolificacy in these flocks while ensuring high fleece weight. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Wuliji T and Davis GH and Dodds KG and Andrews RN and Wheeler R and Turner PR}
}
@conference {40741,
	title = {Commercial performance of sheep carrying the Inverdale gene (FecX)},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {294-295},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The progeny testing of 12 Romney rams from a family in the  Woodlands high prolificacy flock provided an opportunity to improve the  88\% lambing percentage from the 3200 ewe flock on a Southland farm.    Over four years, ewes with the Inverdale gene averaged an extra 35 lambs  weaned per 100 ewes jointed. The little size averaged 2.38 for  Inverdale ewes, with 11\% having singles, 45\% twins, 39\% triplets and 5\%  quadruplets. More than 80\% of Inverdale ewes reared>lamb, and the  second generation Inverdale ewes reared larger and more lively lambs.  Weaning weights at 12 weeks of age averaged 22kg, which, due to the  large number of lambs reared as multiples, was lighter than the  commercial flock. However, by eight months of age Inverdale and  commercial hogget weights were similar.    High feeding levels during lactation have been critical to the success  of the Inverdale flock.   },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Gray AJ and Davis GH}
}
@conference {40739,
	title = {Discovery of the Inverdale gene (FecX)},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {289-290},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Selection for ovulation rate in a screened prolific flock  identified a prolific family of Romneys in 1984 that descended from one  ewe, and progeny tests for her male descendants carried out from 1985 to  1990 indicated the presence of a major gene (Inverdale) on the X-  chromosome. One copy of the gene increases ovulation rate by about 1.0  and litter size by about 0.6. However, research in 1991 found that ewes  with two copies of the gene have small non-functional {\textquoteright}streak{\textquoteright} ovaries  and are infertile. Many of these infertile ewes develop tumour-like  structures on their ovaries and these are currently the subject of  intensive research.    In 1993 a prolific Romney flock in Tokoroa, with no known connection  with A281, was also found to have the Inverdale gene. The place of the  Inverdale gene in industry will be to increase prolificacy in ewe flocks  mated to terminal sires, and a research programme has been established  to identify a genetic market for ram breeders.   },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Davis GH and McEwan JC and Fennessy PF and Dodds KG}
}
@conference {40740,
	title = {Elucidation of the genetic nature of the Inverdale gene (FecX): Segregation with a twist},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {291-293},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {A major gene, affecting a quantitative trait in farmed livestock,  is usually detected by observing segregation of the gene within families  such as half-sib sire families. In the case of the Inverdale, a  maternal family was observed to contain some highly prolific ewes.  Progeny testing of four rams from this family revealed two rams with  prolific progeny, but segregation amongst these progeny was not  apparent. The data appeared to be consistent with the hypothesis of an  X-linked major gene, but were not conclusive. A further progeny test  involving six sons and five maternal grandsons of a putative Inverdale  ram was undertaken. Three of the maternal grandsons but no sons had  prolific daughters, confirming the X-linked hypothesis. Further major  gene searches should consider X-linked as well as other modes of  inheritance. The mode of inheritance, and effect of one and two copies  of the Inverdale gene, have important consequences for its use in  research and production.   },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Dodds KG and Davis GH and McEwan JC and Fennessy PF}
}
@conference {40743,
	title = {Industry use of the Inverdale gene (FecX)},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {298-300},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The Inverdale gene (FecX) offers the sheep industry the potential  to markedly increase production at little cost. However, the  characteristics of the gene mean that appropriate breeding structures  are essential. The recommended structure is a stratified crossbreeding  system. The three tier breeding structure consists of: (1) a ram  breeder producing rams known to carry the Inverdale gene; (2) a ewe  breeder producing carrier ewes by mating carrier rams across dual  purpose breed ewes; and (3) a lamb producer who mates a meat breed ram  with carrier ewes to produce lambs for slaughter. Some farmers may  choose to have two, or all three tiers on a single property. If the  gene was used to maximum extent possible in Romney and Romney derived  breeds, some 40\% of all breeding ewes would contain a single copy of the  gene and these would produce 31\% more lambs for sale per ewe mated.  Conservative estimates of the benefits to the New Zealand farmer are  approximately $29m per annum.   },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McEwan JC and Davis GH and Fennessy PF and Dodds KG}
}
@conference {40738,
	title = {The Inverdale prolificacy gene in sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {289},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {none supplied   },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Davis GH}
}
@conference {40753,
	title = {Sires for more valuable lambs},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {324-326},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Specialist terminal sire breeds offer several advantages to the  commercial farmer, particularly their ability for rapid change in  relevant traits in response to market signals. The production, survival  and disease resistance benefits resulting from the hybrid vigour in the  crossbred progeny have also widely documented. Terminal sires breeds  also provide for efficient utilisation of between breed differences in  carcass quality and mature weight. However, terminal sires are  presently under utilised by the NZ sheep industry.    In future this situation is expected to change. Long term trends  suggest that carcasses will be paid for on the basis of weight of lean  meat. In addition, terminal sire breeders are increasingly using  performance recording systems allied with methods of estimating carcass  composition, both of which have markedly improved in recent years.  Terminal sire breeds are the logical method to distribute major genes  affecting growth and carcass quality. The identification,  characterisation and "packaging" of these genes will become increasingly  routine.   },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McEwan JC and Davis GH and Fennessy PF and Clarke JN}
}
@conference {40508,
	title = {The Booroola (FecB) and Inverdale (FecXI) genes influence ovarian development in early foetal life},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {281-286},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Fibre growth measurements were collected on feral (F) DOES, CASHGORA (g) AND g4 DOES. Maximum and minimum down length occurred in early August and late November in all breeds. The down fleece shed between these dates. Maximum down length was 6.7},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smith P and W-S O and Heath DA and Hudson NL and Davis GH and McNatty KP}
}
@conference {40415,
	title = {Comparison of growth, hogget fleece weight and reproductive traits of three sheep breeds from a flock selected for prolificacy and a Romney control flock},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {52},
	year = {1992},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {211-216},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The total glucose concentration of a medium changes with the  extent of serum supplementation, and this may have an effect on  embryonic development in vitro. In this study, 1- and 2-cell sheep  embryos (N+109) were cultured for approximately 120 hours at 39 C under  humidified 5\% CO2, 5\%)2 and 90\% N2 in Synthetic Oviduct Fluid medium  (SOF) supplemented with 20\% human serum and a total glucose concentration  of either 1.5 mM (modified-SOF) or 2.3 mM (unmodified-SOF). A slight  effect was observed on the proportion of embryos developing to at least  the expanded blastocyst stage (63\% and 48\% for modified-SOF and  unmodified-SOF, respectively, P<0.1). Twenty-eight blastocysts from  each treatment were selected and transferred to 28 synchronised, mature  ewes (2 blastocysts per ewe). Pregnancy and number of foetuses were  determined by ultrasonography 54 days after transfer. All ewes were  pregnant and survival of embryos was 82\% and 71\% for modified-SOF and  SOF, respectively. However, a high post-natal mortality rate was  observed (37\%), which was mostly attributed to a relatively high  birthweight of dead lambs (6.4 },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McEwan JC and Davis GH and Dodds KG and Fennessy PF and Clarke JN and Bruce GD and Hishon MG}
}
@conference {40434,
	title = {Fibre production, shearing procedure and fleece characteristics of alpacas farmed in New Zealand},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {52},
	year = {1992},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {289-292},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Five treatment groups of 40 fine Merino wethers were offered grazing regimes over 2 treatment periods, to achieve a range of liveweight profiles.  The first was from 16 October 1990 to 21 December 1990 while the second continued until 29 August 1991. Treatment period 1 generated significant differences in liveweight (P<0.001) between all groups and thereafter the sheep were grazed in 2 larger mobs consisting of groups 1-3 and 4 and 5. By the end of the first period liveweights were 48},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Wuliji T and Davis GH and Andrews RN and Turner P and Moore GH and Dodds KG}
}
@conference {40320,
	title = {Growth, reproduction and fibre production of alpacas imported from Chile},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1991},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {255-258},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {No abstract supplied  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Davis GH and Wuliji T and Moore GH and Bruce GD}
}
@conference {40247,
	title = {Comparison of growth and carcass traits of ram lambs of three breeds from a flock screened for prolificacy and a Romney control flock},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {397-402},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {This paper reviews the application of intraruminal chromium   controlled release capsules (CRC, Captec (NZ) Ltd, Auckland) to the   measurement of herbage intake in ruminants. The capsules are designed   to provide for the linear release of Cr2O3 over c. 25 days in sheep and   c. 20 days in cattle. Uniform release of Cr2O3 is achieved 2 to 3 days   after oral administration of the CRC but steady state levels of Cr2O3 in   the faeces are usually not achieved until day 7 or 8 in sheep and day 5   or 6 in cattle. Where cross-over or multiple feeding level experimental   designs are applied, time should be allowed for Cr2O3 to adjust to a new   steady state in the faeces before sampling for each new treatment. The   period of time required varies from 3 to more than 5 days depending on   the size of feed intake change. The continuous mode of marker release   in the rumen reduces diurnal variation of Cr2O3 in the faeces and this   allows rectal sampling regimens to be applied at different times of each   sampling day. Sward sampling of faeces reduced disturbance of animal   grazing to a minimal level since Cr2O3 is delivered by a single CRC   application. The effects of level of feed intake and feed type on the   rate of Cr2O3 release are usually small, but release rates may be up to   13\% lower in rumen-fistulated than in non-fistulated animals and may   differ for capsules of the same time applied to different ruminant   species. Reduced animal handling, flexible faecal sampling times and   lower labour requirements with CRC technology, compared to daily   drenching of Cr2O3, enable the number of experimental animals to be   increased. This improves the likelihood of detecting differences in   mean intake between groups. Intakes of individual animals will not be   reliably estimated with chromic oxide CRC until the digestibility of   herbage consumed by individual animals can be measured more accurately.    },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McEwan JC and Davis GH and Dodds KG and Fennessy PF and Clarke JN and Hishon M}
}
@conference {40273,
	title = {Hogget fleece weight and fleece characteristics of Texel x Romney, Texel x Coopworth, Romney and Coopworth sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {495-498},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {This study investigated apparent reproductive failure occurring  in seasonally anoestrous progesterone-primed red deer hinds when they  were induced to ovulate with the GnRH analogue, buserelin. In March  1988 (non-breeding season), each of 11 progesterone-primed red deer  hinds(Groups B and BO) were injected i.m. with 4, 3, 2, 2 and 10 ug  buserelin (Receptal, Hoechst) at -48, -24, 0, 24, and 48 h relative to  the time injected i.m. with 500 ug oestradiol benzoate. During the  breeding season (April), ovulation was synchronised in another 4 hinds  (Group C) using CIDRs. Oestrous behaviour was less noticeable and  delayed (P>0.05) in Group B hinds and peak LH levels were lower (P>0.01)  and occurred later (P>0.01) relative to Group ), BO and C hinds. Two  weeks after CIDR withdrawal 3/5 B, 2/4 O, 3/6 BO and 4/4 C hinds had a  corpus luteum present.  During theses two weeks plasma  progesterone levels were elevated in B, BO and C hinds but were low in  the O hinds. None of the buserelin- and/or oestradiol-induced  ovulations resulted in pregnancy. These results show that ovulations  induced in these anoestrous red deer hinds by the use of a GnRH analogue  or oestradiol were not accompanied by normal hormonal and behavioural  patterns.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Wuliji T and Andrews RN and Davis GH and Farquhar PA}
}
@conference {40258,
	title = {Mating performance of Texel rams},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {453-454},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Romney, Coopworth and Perendale ewes were accidentally exposed to   facial eczema before May 1 hogget mating at 9 months of age. Serum   gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels of individual animals were   determined on 21 April. The ewes were divided into 3 classes for   analysis based on the GGT levels: 1.<100 IU/1;2. 100-350 IU/1; and   3.>350 IU/1. At all matings over 4 years the ewes in class 3 had a   lower fertility than class 1. These differences were only significant   at the hogget and two-tooth mating. The total number of lambs weaned   per ewe mated were class 1-5.0; class 2-4.4; and class 3-4.3 (P<0.1).   There were no lifetime effects on fleece weight.    },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Davis GH and Knight TW and Sorenson E and Shackell GH and Holmes MR and Farquhar PA}
}
@conference {40067,
	title = {A comparison of spring and autumn calving for beef cattle production},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {47},
	year = {1987},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {115-118},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Rapid expansion of the mussel farming industry in New Zealand, from an annual production of 300 t in 1977 to about 12,000 to at present resulted from the introduction of the longline system. This simple, efficient, low cost and aesthetically acceptable system allowed the new industry to exploit the rapid growth rate and available supplies of spat of the green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus). Spat supplies, food availability and market expansion are possible constraints on the continued growth of the mussel industry. The economics of growing, harvesting, processing and marketing hold the key to the industry{\textquoteright}s future potential.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Montgomery GW and Davis GH}
}
@conference {40061,
	title = {Reproductive performance of progeny of prolific Romney, Coopworth and Perendale sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {47},
	year = {1987},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {89-91},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Production data was collected from 400 mix4ded-age breeding ewes on each of 4 farms in the Kaiwaka area for 3 years between 1982 and 1986. Half of the ewes on each farm were shorn once yearly and half twice yearly. Each farm had a different time schedule. The once-yearly shorn group were shorn in either February, June, October or November and the twice-yearly shorn group in October and February, December and June, February and October or May and November respectively. Ewes second shorn in February were heavier at main shearing in October than twice-shorn ewes. Ewe live weight on the other 3 farms was unaffected by shearing treatment. Total clean wool production of twice shorn ewes was greater than once-shorn ewes on all farms with the effect being greater following second shearing in May and October. Mean staple length of the lines of fleece wool reflected the actual interval between shearings and the seasonal wool growth cycle. Mean fibre diameter was a direct reflection of the seasonal wool growth cycle. Once-shorn wools were more discoloured than twice-shorn wools. Wools shorn between May and October were less discoloured than wools shorn between November and February. Frequency of shearing did not affect ewe survival, reproduction rate or lamb weaning weight. Average net wool returns were greater for once-shorn ewes on all farms.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Davis GH and McEwan JC and Howarth MV and Kelly RW and Paterson AT}
}
@conference {40017,
	title = {Early induction of ovulation in yearling red deer hinds},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {46},
	year = {1986},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {171-174},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {No abstract supplied},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Fisher MW and Fennessy PF and Suttie JM and Corson ID and Pearse AJT and Davis GH and Johnstone PD}
}
@conference {39970,
	title = {Effect of season of steroid immunisation and Booroola genotype on the level of duration of response in ovulation rate of ewes},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {45},
	year = {1985},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {178-180},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {A trial was conducted in 1984 to examine the effect of live weight on response to immunisation in 3 groups of 200 Coopworth ewes differentially fed from weaning in December to reach 3 live weights in March (40, 50 and 60 kg). Half of the ewes in each group were immunised with Fecundin(r) and further subdivided into 2 levels of nutrition (*1.5 v 3.4 kg DM/ewe/d) for 4 weeks prior to a synchronised mating. Ovulation rate (OR); percent ewes lambing to first cycle (CR); lambs born per ewe lambing (LB/EL); percentage ova wastage (PRMO); and lambs born per ewe joi9ned (LB/EJ) were determined. Immunisation had a significant effect on all parameters (OR= +0.56; CR= -7.6\%; LB/EL= +0.37, PFMO +10.1\%; LB/EJ= 0.25). Ewe mating weight significantly increased OR (+0.37), CR (+19.5\%), LB/EL (+0.25) and LB/EJ (+0.34) but did not significantly influence ova wastage. Premating nutrition significantly increased OR (+0.23), LB/EL (+0.09) and PFMO (+8.9\%), but not LB/EJ. The regressions on mean group mating weight of OR and LB/EL in first cycle showed similar slopes for the immunised and control ewes. Nutritionally induced differences in ewe mating weight therefore did not influence these responses to immunisation. The response to LB/EJ was greater in the heavier ewes and reflected the effects of live weight on conception rate and embryonic loss.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Davis GH and Crosbie SF and Smith JF}
}
@conference {39943,
	title = {Suppression of T-cell function in the pregnant ewe},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {45},
	year = {1985},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {59-62},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Increased payment to farmers for leaner lamb carcasses places greater emphasis on specifying target carcass weights and grades on individual farms. In the past there has been little objective information available to help the farmer set these targets and make livestock buying and selling decisions. At the Tomoana freezing works in Hawkes Bay new computer outputs have been introduced to provide the farmer with better information for farm management decision-making. A more detailed lamb grading analysis presenting the number of carcasses within each grade at each carcass weight, and a new output named a "fat trend report" are provided. The fat trend report estimates the relationship between the GR fat depth and carcass weight for each mob of lambs slaughtered. Combined with an iso-dollar overlay, the fat trend report assists in establishing production targets in future mobs for each sheep breed and sex farmed. It is suggested that financial incentives for leaner lamb carcasses should be further increased, to bring carcasses closer to the New Zealand Meat Producers Board{\textquoteright}s ideal.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Griffin JFT and Davis GH}
}
@conference {39813,
	title = {Distribution of litter sizes within flocks at different levels of fecundity},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {43},
	year = {1983},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {25-28},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Hogget lamb mortality in the Waihora sheep improvement programme from 1970/80 has ranged from 18 to 35\% (mean = 24\%). Hogget lambs born during the 1981 and 1982 lambings were used to study the timing, magnitude and causes of lamb mortality. Mean mortality to weaning were 33\% and 28\% in each year. The distribution of deaths was similar in each of the periods: at birth, born alive but died by day 3 and died between day 4 and docking. Dystocia was the single largest cause of deaths to day 3 accounting for about 13 lamb/100 lambs born. Birth weight was an important factor in lamb deaths with an optimum range of 3.3 to 4.1 kg for minimum mortality.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Davis GH and Kelly RW and Hanrahan JP and Rohloff RM}
}
@conference {39849,
	title = {The management of New Zealand beef cattle exported to South Korea},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {43},
	year = {1983},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {163-166},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Davis GH and Lewis KHC and Matheson DE}
}
@conference {39858,
	title = {Segregation of a major gene influencing ovulation rate in progeny of Booroola sheep in commercial and research flocks},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {43},
	year = {1983},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {197-200},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Superovulation with ova transfer (1979, 1980) and superovulation (without ova transfer) plus artificial rearing (1981, 1982) were used to establish flocks of Romney, Perendale and Coopworth sheep from fecund animals donated by farmers. In their first and second years respectively in the ova transfer programme, 39\% and 32\% of donor ewes failed to have any progeny by ova transfer, and 38\% and 44\% failed to lamb themselves while the mean number of lambs tailed per donor at joining was 2.68 and 2.21. In their first and second years respectively in the artificial rearing programme only 7\% and 3\% of ewes failed to produce a lamb with a mean number of lambs born per donor joined of 2.15 and 2.36. High lamb mortality rates (27\% and 32\% of lambs born) resulted in 1.58 and 1.64 lambs tailed/ewe/annum. About 40\% of ewes failed to reach the objective of at least 2 live lambs/ewe/annum in both programmes.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Davis GH and Kelly RW}
}
@conference {39757,
	title = {Characteristics of high performance flocks in Otago and Southland - Brief Communication},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {42},
	year = {1982},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {19-20},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Marshall Romney ewes had higher ovulation rates and percentage births than control Romney ewes. These differences were accounted for by the higher live weights of Marshall Romney ewes. Differential grazing in 1979 produced ewes with different condition scores and live weight but the same body size. Ovulation rates were higher in the heavier ewes with the higher condition score. Body size and condition score contributed approximately equally to the variation in the live weight and both accounted for a significant proportion of variation in ovulation rate. However live weight accounted for more of the variation in ovulation rate than body size and/or condition score.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Rohloff RM and Davis GH and Hinch GN}
}
@conference {39740,
	title = {Marked udder method (MUM) - A technique for identifying the progeny of ewes where identification at birth is not practicable},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {41},
	year = {1981},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {229-232},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Davis GH and Wallis TR and Bray AR}
}
@conference {39700,
	title = {Interval from calving to first oestrus in autumn- and spring- calving herds in the same locality},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {40},
	year = {1980},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {280-284},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Montgomery GW and Davis GH and Hurrell GA}
}
@conference {39685,
	title = {Wool production and characteristics of Merino and Longwool ewes and their respective Booroola crosses},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {40},
	year = {1980},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {205-208},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Hawker H and Davis GH and Allison AJ}
}
@conference {39478,
	title = {Growth, fertility and wool production of young Merino ewes fed different levels from 7 to 19 months of age},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {35},
	year = {1975},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {145-149},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Davis GH}
}
@conference {39416,
	title = {Liveweight fertility relationships in Merino and half-bred ewes in a high country environment},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {34},
	year = {1974},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {45-50},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Allison AJ and Thompson KF and Davis GH}
}
@conference {39352,
	title = {Friesian and Beef Breed Performance in an Improved Tussock Environment},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {32},
	year = {1972},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {19},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Lewis KHC and Davis GH}
}
