@conference {40006,
	title = {The influence of sheep to cattle ratios in live-weight gain on pastures grazed to different levels in late spring-summer},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {46},
	year = {1986},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {121-124},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {A survey of 30 Wairarapa hill country farmers during 1983 investigated how management practices influenced sheep performance. Lamb growth rates between birth and weaning which ranged from 153 to 300 g/d, were most affected by lambing date and the use of N fertiliser. Pasture cover/SU at lambing was more often a limitation to high lamb growth rates on early lambing farms, but even on later lambing properties insufficient feed at lambing was common. Pasture cover/SU at lambing was most affected by ewe winter rotation length, the use of N fertiliser, stocking rate and stock policies which enabled winter stocking rates to be progressively reduced. Weighing of sheep was associated with the attainment of higher autumn live weights. A high proportion of farmers weighted (63\%), but their knowledge of acceptable live weights was poor.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McCall DG and Smeaton DC and Gibbison ML and McKay FJ and Hockey H-UP}
}
@conference {39960,
	title = {Effects of facial eczema on ewe reproduction and ewe and lamb live weights},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {45},
	year = {1985},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {133-136},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Because preliminary evidence indicated that shearing Romney ewe hoggets in early October increased wool growth in spring-summer but had little effect on live-weight gain, an experiment was designed to quantify the feed intake, live-weight gain and wool growth of shorn and woolly hoggets in spring-summer. The design was a 2 x 3 x 2 factorial, i.e. shorn v woolly hoggets (shorn at 4, 12 and 17 months of age v shorn at 4 and 17 months) x 3 herbage allowances (1.6, 3.2 or 4.8 kg total DM/hogget/d) x 2 replicates x 2 years. The 12 mobs, each comprising 15 hoggets, were shifted twice weekly for 18 weeks, with residual DM measured and intakes estimated at each shift. Live-weight gain (LWG) and wool growth were measured every 6 weeks from early October until mid February. There were no significant differences between the shorn and woolly hoggets in residual DM (and therefore in utilisation and intake) or in LWG. The shorn hoggets grew 1 g/d more clean wool during spring-summer, i.e. a total advantage of 0.2 kg greasy. LWG and wool growth increased curvilinearly with allowance. LWG{\textquoteright}s were greatest in October-November, while wool growth was greatest in January-February. Five shorn and 4 woolly hoggets were penned outdoors in close proximity to the grazing experiment and fed a pelleted diet ad lib. for the first 6 weeks after shearing in early October. Relative to the woolly hoggets the short hoggets ate 20\% less in week 1, the same amount in week 2, and increasingly more from weeks 3 to 6 (30\% difference in week 6). The results indicate that shearing in spring does not lead to significantly higher feed intakes nor to greater LWG{\textquoteright}s, although it does results in a modest increase in wool growth.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smeaton DC and Hockey H-UP and Towers NR}
}
@conference {39964,
	title = {Effects of very low nutrition during pregnancy on live weight and survival of ewes and lambs},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {45},
	year = {1985},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {151-154},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The relationship between maternal behaviour and ewe productivity was determined by least squares analyses of records for 1 year on 1050 ewes of 6 genotypes and 3 age groups. A 1 to 5 score was assigned to each ewe based on observations during tagging of lambs within 24 h of birth. Maternal behaviour was better (by 0.26 score) in 6-tooth (6th) than 4th ewes which had a score 0.27 units higher than 2th ewes. Maternal behaviour score increased by 0.18 for each unit increase in litter size (range 1 to 4). When the effect of litter size on maternal behaviour was removed, ewe genotype differences in maternal behaviour score were small. Lambs weaned/lambs born, corrected for litter size, age and genotype of ewe, increased by 0.06 for each unit increase in ewe behaviour score. The rate of increase was greater within high litter sizes. Weight of lamb weaned/ewe lambing was higher for ewes with higher scores for maternal behaviour.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smeaton DC and Wadams TK and Hockey H-UP}
}
@conference {39873,
	title = {The effect of melatonin on the onset of first oestrus in Romney ewe lambs},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {44},
	year = {1984},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {21-24},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {There is increasing evidence that a non-steroidal compound, inhibin, produced by the ovary is involved in the regulation of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) production by the pituitary. Our studies have shown that ovarian inhibin is present in follicular fluid, that it is synthesised exclusively by follicular granulosa cells, that androgens regulate its synthesis and that it is predominantly a product of healthy follicles, i.e. follicles with the potential to attain ovulatory granulosa cell inhibin production which then suppresses pituitary FSH secretion thereby limiting the number of follicles that can be stimulated to develop to ovulatory maturity. Ovulation rates of Romney ewes actively immunised with a semi-purified preparation of inhibin derived from bovine follicular fluid were significantly higher than those of control ewes (2.06 },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Moore RW and Miller CM and Lynch PR and Welch RAS and Barnes DR and Hockey H-UP}
}
@conference {39896,
	title = {Spring-summer grazing management on hill country: effects on ewe performance},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {44},
	year = {1984},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {117-120},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The soil type is an important factor influencing the occurrence of trace element deficiencies in grazing animals in New Zealand. Cobalt and selenium deficiencies occur mainly on soils from acidic rocks. Cobalt deficiencies may also occur on soils from more basic parent materials where the soils have been strongly leached. Selenium deficiencies is less easily predicted on the basis of soil characteristics. Copper deficiencies are more likely in stock grazing on peat soils, gley soils, certain pumice soils, saline soils, recent soils and some steepland soils. For all 3 elements, classification of occurrences of deficiency by soil type has provided a basis for delineating areas where deficiencies are likely, areas where they are unlikely and areas of marginal status. This has enabled a rational approach to investigations and the application of treatment and control measures.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smeaton DC and Wadams TK and MacKisack BD and Winter RD and Miller CM and Hockey H-UP}
}
@conference {39812,
	title = {Hogget lambing and its effect on the subsequent two-tooth performance of three breeds},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {43},
	year = {1983},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {21-24},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Lamb survival and birth weight data from a Booroola x Romney flock and a Booroola x Merino flock were collected between 1975 and 1981. The mean litter sizes for these flocks were 1.96 and 1.76 respectively, with litter sizes ranging from 1 to 4 within each flock. Effects of year, ewe age, birth rank and birth weight on lamb survival were assessed by fitting a sequence of logit models to the data. Birth weight was identified as the key parameter, with year and birth rank effects being markedly reduced once the variability due to birth weight was accounted for. An apparent ewe age effect was completely explained in terms of lamb birth weight. At any given birth weight lambs born to large litters (>/-3) had a lower probability of survival than contemporary lambs born as singles or twins.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Moore RW and Sumner RMW and Bass JJ and Hockey H-UP}
}
@conference {39816,
	title = {Nutrition and management of ewes before and after lambing},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {43},
	year = {1983},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {37-40},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Lambs were offered low (180g DM/d) or high (320 g DM/d) allowances of cold ewe milk replacer until they reached live weights of 9 or 12 kg. Growth performance before and after weaning was compared with that of single-suckled lambs weaned at the 2 corresponding live weights. Growth rates of lambs offered a high milk allowance were greater than for those offered a low allowance and were similar to those for suckled lambs. Low milk allowance groups showed a relatively smaller growth check following weaning. The major factor affecting post weaning live weights was weaning weight; lambs weaned at 9 kg weighed, on average, 18.4, 24.9, 34.8 and 42.5 kg respectively at 12 weeks, 18 weeks, 12 months and 15 months of age and those weaned at 12 kg weighed 20.3, 27.1, 36.3 and 44.7 kg at the corresponding ages. It was concluded that the use of cold ewe-milk replacer and the encouragement of lambs to consume herbage at an early age provided a low cost, low labour method of artificially rearing lambs.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smeaton DC and Rattray PV and MacKisack B and Heath S and Hockey H-UP}
}
@conference {39763,
	title = {The effect of early nutrition and hogget oestrus on subsequent reproduction},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {42},
	year = {1982},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {41-44},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The performance of ~400 Waihora Romney x Romney (W x R) F1 ewes born in both 1977 and 1978, and ~150 W x R B1 ewes born in both 1979 and 1980, was compared with that of similar numbers of contemporary commercial Romney (R) ewes. At hogget shearing W x R ewes were generally heavier (range minus 0.2 to plus 3.9 kg) than R ewes, with fleece weights differing by minus 0.15 to plus 0.26 kg. As two-tooths W x R ewes were 1.0 to 2.9 kg heavier than heavier than R ewes, with 7 to 12 more ovulations per 100 ewes and 1 to 5\% fewer lamb deaths, producing 10 to 15\% more lambs tailed per ewe joined. More W x R wether lambs were drafted fat than R wether lambs (1979/80 - 77 v 60\%; 1980/1 - 98\% v 86\%).},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Moore RW and Hockey H-UP}
}
@conference {39762,
	title = {Flushing responses of well and poorly reared two-tooth ewes},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {42},
	year = {1982},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {37-40},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The effects on two-tooth reproduction of 3 times of shearing relative to joining either in early March or early April were investigated. Ewes were shorn either 4 or 2 weeks before joining or remained unshorn throughout. Ewe fertility was increased by shearing 4 weeks before joining compared with the other shearing treatments. Joining ewes in April increased fertility. It is concluded that ewes should be shorn at least 4 weeks before joining and joined in April rather than March if lamb production is to be maximised.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smeaton DC and Webby RW and Hockey H-UP and Wadams TK}
}
@conference {39774,
	title = {The influence of an extra flush of pasture before and during mating on the performance of beef cows on hill country},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {42},
	year = {1982},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {79-82},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Two experiments involving 715 suckling beef cows were conducted to determine the effects of oestrogen treatment at the time of PRID insertion on the synchronisation of oestrus and conception rate to timed AI. Experiment 1 examined the route of administration and dose level of oestrogen while Experiment 2 studied the effect of oestrogen treatment at PRID insertion and/or an injection of prostaglandin at the time of PRID removal. Treatment with oestrogen resulted in an 18\% improvement in synchrony and a 9\% increase in conception rate. A dose level of oestrogen 4 times that given by intramuscular injection was required to achieve similar results when it was administered via a gelatine capsule attached to the PRID.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smeaton DC and Wadams TK and Hockey H-UP}
}
@conference {39759,
	title = {Ovulation rates in Marshall Romney and Romney ewes: effects of body size and condition score},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {42},
	year = {1982},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {25-28},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Three lines differing markedly in reproductive performance as a result of long-term selection for litter size were compared for ovulation rates and uterine efficiency. Genetic differences in litter size were found to be due to genetic changes in ovulation rate with no evidence of altered uterine efficiency. Three additional lines also showed variation in litter size to be due to variation in ovulation rate rather than differences in uterine efficiency.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Knight TW and Hockey H-UP}
}
