@conference {40383,
	title = {Nutrient supply for lamb growth from Grasslands Puna chicory (Cichorium intybus) and Wana cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata)},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {52},
	year = {1992},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {85-88},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The long-term success of any recording scheme depends on access  to a genetically-structured database of performance records. Ram  breeders in New Zealand have indicated preference for a system providing  within-flock breeding value prediction via on-farm personal computers or  through commercial bureaux on a regional level. This paper describes  recent developments in industry structure in relation to animal  evaluation and access to field data for research.   Ram buyers, breeders and extension agents all benefit from consistent  techniques for calculating and summarising the breeding worth of  animals. The within-flock methodology prototyped in Animalplan has now  been used to form the basis of a "genetic engine", available under  licence, for incorporation into commercial programmes with database and  reporting capabilities.   Across-flock genetic evaluation (e.g. sire reference analyses) may  require access to information from a number of distributed databases. A  national identification system which recognises animals used in flocks  other than their birth flock is re-requisite to analysis. The National  Database has been initiated to ensure the integrity of data and to  safeguard such pedigree and performance records for a wide variety of  purposes. It will be updated annually to provide a single source for  across-flock Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) evaluation.   The provision of the National Database ensures continued access to field  data for animal breeding and other applied research. Genetic  development of the scheme will come from improved specification of the  production model (e.g. new traits and indicators of non-genetic effects)  and from improve statistical approaches (e.g. BLUP and estimates of  distributed parameters), all requiring access to and analysis of large  bodies of genetically-structured field data.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Komolong K and Nicol AM and Poppi DP and Fraser TJ and Kirsopp S}
}
@conference {40343,
	title = {Effects of fasting and an opioid antagonist on food intake in lambs infected with intestinal parasites},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1991},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {371-374},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {A divergent selection experiment with Romney sheep, using plasma  concentration of IGF-1 measured 4 weeks after weaning as the selection  criterion, was initiated in 1986. From 111 ram lambs born and reared as  twins, 4 with the highest level of IGF-1, 4 with the lowest level and 4  selected at random were used to create three lines (high, low and  control). Each ram was randomly mated with 25 ewes. Data from 1986  (number of lambs=111), and two F1 generations (1988, n=241 and 1989,  n=151) are presented here. Analysis of variance showed that date of  birth, age of dam, rearing rank, and sex significantly contributed to  variation in plasma levels of IGF-1. Expression of variation in plasma  IGF-1 between years appeared to be influenced by variation in pasture  supply. Residual correlations between IGF-1 levels and production  traits were positive but of variable magnitude (weaning weight, 0.14 to  0.43; post-weaning growth rate, -0.07 to 0.24; fleeceweight, 0.27).  Based on the selection differential generated by initial screening of  rams and the average divergency between the high and low lines, realised  heritabilities of 0.22 and 0.27 were obtained for plasma IGF-1  concentration in 1988 and 1989, respectively.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Dynes RA and Poppi DP and Barrell GK and Sykes AR}
}
@conference {40302,
	title = {The influence of sward structure on peak bite force and bite weight in sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1991},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {153-158},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The effects of oxytocin and bovine somatotropin (BST) on  production of cows milked once a day (OAD) were assessed in late  lactation. Seventy four cows were milked OAD for 28 days including 7  days adaptation, 14 days treatment, and 7 days post-treatment.  Treatments were OAD controls, OAD plus 5 i.u. oxytocin injected  intravenously each day or OAD plus 20 mg BST injected subcutaneously  each day. An additional 20 cows were milked twice a day (TAD)  throughout the trial.   Production of OAD cows averaged 11\% less than that of the TAD controls  during the first week of OAD milking. Milk yield was significantly  increased by 13\% in BST treated cows but was not affected by oytocin.  Cessation of both treatments resulted in a reduction in yield compared  to the OAD and TAD control groups. The failure of oxytocin to increase  yield was not in agreement with previous results, possibly due to a  lower dose rate of oxytocin in the present trial. Increased yields in  BST treated cows suggested that udder capacity was not constraining  yield and that BST may override the inhibition of milk secretion which  occurs with extended milking intervals.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Hughes TP and Sykes AR and Poppi DP and Hodgson J}
}
@conference {40257,
	title = {A computational model to predict lamb growth},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {449-452},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Two trials were conducted to study factors which influenced the   amount of progesterone (P4) remaining in a CIDR intravaginal device used   for a treatment period of 15 days and the associated plasma P4   concentrations. In the first trial, the initial P4 content of these   devices was varied from 0 to 2.67g P4. In the second trial, animals   were treated with either one or three devices which had been moulded to   contain the same amount of P4 (1.9g/device).     Increasing the initial P4 content of a device increased plasma P4   concentrations, but at a diminishing rate so that devices containing   1.86g P4 maintained similar levels of plasma P4 to devices containing   2.67g P4 (2.48 vs 2.63 ng/ml). This was associated with a quadratic   relationship in the residual P4 content in the used devices. Using   three devices per animal trebled plasma P4 concentrations and did not   alter residual P4 content.     These results indicated that P4 release is influenced more by device   characteristics than by animal variation.    },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Bell ST and Cropper MR and Poppi DP}
}
@conference {40194,
	title = {Effect of duodenal infusion of protein or amino acids on nitrogen retention of lambs consuming fresh herbage},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {43-47},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The first two years of a breeding trial have shown that sires with   slow clearance of glucose after a glucose tolerance test will produce   progeny with similar slow clearance and leaner carcasses (Line 1), than   progeny from sires with fast glucose clearance (Line 2).     Six extreme animals from each Line were selected to study the   biochemical mechanisms controlling the effects seen in the breeding   trial. An euglycaemic clamp experiment involved infusing insulin at   three levels, 0.63, 3.46 and 6.29 mU/kg liveweight 0.75/min, each for   four hours. At the same time glucose was infused with adjustments to   maintain plasma glucose at basal levels. The amount of glucose infused   is a measure of the sensitivity of the peripheral tissues to insulin.     Line 1 animals required significantly (P<0.05) more glucose to maintain   euglycaemia during all three levels of insulin infusion. Because there   were differences in basal plasma glucose (Line 1:71, Line 2:61 mg/100ml,   P<0.05), glucose utilisation was corrected for basal glucose. Line 1   animals still had greater glucose utilization. Another measure of   insulin sensitivity is the change in glucose utilization relative to the   change in plasma insulin as insulin infusion increases. Line 1 animals   had a significantly greater insulin sensitivity index than Line 2   animals (0.505 versus 0.193, P<0.01) for the change from level 1 to   level 2. When corrected for differences in basal glucose, Line 1   animals were still significantly more sensitive to the increase in   insulin (0.680 versus 0.346, P<0.01).     Selecting animals for breeding by glucose tolerance produces sheep with   differences in glucose utilization by peripheral tissues. These   biochemical differences are important in partitioning nutrients for   deposition of lean or fat tissue.    },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Fraser DL and Hamilton BK and Poppi DP}
}
@conference {40220,
	title = {The effect of endoparasitism on host nutrition - the implications for nutrient manipulation},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {237-244},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Colostrum is an essential post-natal energy source. We have   investigated the link between lamb serum immunoglobulin concentration   and colostrum intake as a means of estimating lamb energy intake.     Thirty previously unsuckled Coopworth and Corriedale lambs were bottle   fed fresh colostrum at 60, 135, 210 or 285 ml/kg birth weight 24 hr in   equal feeds at 2 or 4 hour intervals from birth to 30 hours after birth.   IgG in serum was measured before first feeding and then at 8 hour   intervals to 32 hours after first feeding by ZnSO4 turbidity. Prior to   feeding mean serum IgG concentration of the lambs was 0.41},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Poppi DP and Sykes AR and Dynes RA}
}
@conference {40222,
	title = {Studies on the physiological basis of appetite depression in nematode infection in sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {249-254},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The influence of preweaning growth rate on postweaning growth   and carcass grading characteristics was investigated in two experiments   with lambs at pasture. Differences in preweaning growth rate due to   within mob variation, feed allowance treatments or rearing rank had   small or no effects on postweaning growth when lambs were offered the   same pasture allowance per unit of liveweight or per head after weaning.   Therefore lambs with slower preweaning growth rates had lighter   carcasses at a common age (P<0.01) or were older at a common weight   (P<0.05). Carcass GR measurements were not significantly influenced by   preweaning growth rates when compared at the same carcass weight and   slaughter date. An increase in weight-adjusted GR measurements was   observed over autumn.    },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Dynes RA and Ankersmit AEL and Poppi DP and Barrell GK and Sykes AR}
}
@conference {39987,
	title = {The effect of post-ruminal infusion of protein or energy on the pathology of Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection and body},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {46},
	year = {1986},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {27-30},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Fat and lean Coopworth ewes that were daughters of fat and lean rams were joined with rams from the Invermay lean and fat selection lines to study the effects of genotype (fat, lean) and mid-pregnancy feeding level on foetal weight and ewe carcass measurements at day 135 of gestation. Ewes offered a high level of feed during days 30 to 100 of gestation gained 3\% while those on a low level lost 9\% of their day 30 live weight. All ewes were offered the same level of feeding from day 100 until slaughter on day 135. Mid-pregnancy nutrition had no effect on foetal weight. Litter size had significant effects on foetal weight (single 4.56 kg, twin 3.99 kg, triplet 3.24 kg). The weight of foetuses of the lean genotype adjusted for litter size and nutrition was 270g heavier (P<0.01) than that of the fat genotype. The weight of placenta, and placentome number/foetus decreased with litter size and were associated significantly with foetal weight. Fat genotype, however, had no effect on placental weight or placentome number. Fat genotype of the ewe and foetus did not affect a number of foetal skeletal size parameters but influenced foetal weight despite ewe nutrition. Consequently it appears that this influence on foetal weight is independent on any effect of the placenta per se.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Bown MD and Poppi DP and Sykes AR}
}
@conference {39954,
	title = {Comparative intake of digestible organic matter and water by sheep and goats},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {45},
	year = {1985},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {107-112},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The diurnal pattern of grazing and of rumen fill was studied to assess whether the initiation and cessation of eating were associated with any particular level of rumen fill. Four wethers fitted with large rumen cannulae grazed Huia white clover or Matua prairie grass for 14 to 21 days. Animals grazed longer on the prairie grass than on the white clover (8.9 v 5.8 h). Major grazing periods were evident in the morning and afternoon, although the animals generally spent more of each hour in razing during the afternoon. Rumen fill (volume, wet weight and dry weight) showed diurnal patterns of change similar to the grazing pattern. The maximum level of rumen fill (9.5 and 7.0 g DM/kg live weight (W) on grass and clover respectively) was observed at the end of the afternoon grazing period and the minimum at 0900 h on the grass (5.2 g DM/kg W) and at 1300 h on the clover (3.9 g DM/kg W). The implication of these results is that the intake of these roughages is less than that which is physically possible if the animal ate consistently to its maximum fill.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Alam MR and Poppi DP and Sykes AR}
}
@conference {39956,
	title = {Diurnal patterns of rumen fill in grazing sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {45},
	year = {1985},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {117-120},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Weaned lambs grazed areas of native tussock oversown with either lotus or a mixture of white and red clover for 2 consecutive 4-week periods in each of 2 years. The lambs selectively grazed introduced legume in the clover plots but not in the lotus plots. At herbage allowances at or below 2 kg DM/animal/d, there were no differences in live-weight gain (LWG) between lambs grazing areas oversown with either lotus or clover. At high allowances, LWG tended to be lower during the initial 4 weeks of grazing lotus (60 to 114 g/d) and to then increase to comparable values for lambs grazing areas oversown with clovers (140 g/d). Any depression of LWG could be minimised by "conditioning" lambs to lotus, and by management of companion grasses to keep them in the vegetative state. It was concluded that the initial period of lower LWG on lotus would not be a drawback if lotus was used as a maintenance-type feed for ewes in summer/autumn.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Thomson BC and Cruickshank GJ and Poppi DP and Sykes AR}
}
@conference {39955,
	title = {Intake and duodenal protein flow in early weaned lambs grazing white clover, lucerne, ryegrass and prairie grass},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {45},
	year = {1985},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {113-116},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Groups of animals were exposed to 1 of 8 by-product feedstuffs for 15 minutes daily. Each animal{\textquoteright}s consuming time was scored. Stable intakes occurred after intervals ranging from 2.3 d for whey permeate to 6.4 d for brewer{\textquoteright}s waste. Sulphuric acid whey and mother liquor were not accepted. Familiarising the animals with the pens and feeding procedures, and reducing social dominance effects resulted in increased consumption. Mixing a low preference feed in increasing proportions with a highly acceptable feed can result in cows eating previously rejected products. By this means cows were changed from concentrated deproteinised lucerne juice or corn steep liquor (highly acceptable) to mother liquor, brewer{\textquoteright}s waste or cheese whey (less acceptable) in from 5 to 15 days.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Cruickshank GJ and Poppi DP and Sykes AR}
}
@conference {39894,
	title = {Diet selection of young ruminants in late spring},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {44},
	year = {1984},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {109-112},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Earlier trials indicated that pasture quality (\% green DM in the sward) and pasture accessibility (green DM/ha) can be more limiting to ewe live-weight gain prior to mating than pasture allowance. Two trials investigated the effects of summer grazing management on subsequent pasture quality. From weaning to the start of flushing ewes were grazed lax (residual >2000 kg DM/ha) or hard (residual <1500 kg DM/ha). A live-weight difference of 4 kg occurred at the start of flushing and reduced to 2.5 kg at mating. Main effect results showed that at similar green allowances, ewes flushed on pasture which had previously been hard grazed had live-weight gains 20 to 30 g/d more than ewes on lax grazed pasture. There were no differences in ovulation rate but he live-weight results suggest that there would on average be an advantage to flushing on hard grazed pasture. Wool production was affected similarly to live weight. Management implications are discussed.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Hughes TP and Sykes AR and Poppi DP}
}
@conference {39895,
	title = {Influence of age of early weaned lambs on intake, digestibility and retention time of clover hay},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {44},
	year = {1984},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {113-116},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {A simulation model was used to generate functions to evaluate winter and spring feed priorities for replacement hoggets and ewes on North Island hill country. The functions relate ewe, hogget and lamb live weights at the end of the respective seasons to seasonal stocking rate and live weight and pasture cover at the start of the season. The site simulated was Ballantrae Hill Country Research Station. At high stocking rates, switching priorities from hoggets in winter (relative stocking rate, 1 hogget/ewe) to ewes in spring (2.4 hoggets/ewe) provided no benefit to ewe and hogget live weight at weaning, compared to other selected winter/spring strategies (eg. 1.2/2.05 or 1.4/1.8 hoggets/ewe). However, lamb weaning weight was greater under the former strategy. The same pattern held for lower stocking rates. Imposition of system constraints reduced the apparent advantages displayed in the general functions. Rationing feed to hoggets in spring was important to success at high hogget stocking rates.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Cruickshank GJ and Poppi DP and Sykes AR}
}
@conference {39893,
	title = {Influence of green leaf distribution on diet selection by sheep and the implications for animal performance},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {44},
	year = {1984},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {105-108},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Twelve lambs, weaned at 6 weeks of age, were used to study the development of rumen function from 6 to 24 weeks of age when offered clover hay ad libitum. Six of the lambs were cannulated at the abomasum on weaning and the remaining 6 remained intact. Dry matter intake (g/kg live weight) increased rapidly until 10 weeks of age and subsequently remained constant at 33 to 37 g DM/kgLW. in vivo DM digestibility and marker rumen retention time decreased initially (0.693 in week 7 v 0.664 in week 9 and 14.5 hours in week 8 v 10.9 hours in week 12 respectively) but were constant thereafter. The proportion of digestible DM apparently digested in the rumen was low (0.45) but was similar at 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age. There were no differences between the intact and cannulated lambs in DM intake and digestibility or in marker retention time in the rumen.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {L{\textquoteright}Huillier PJ and Poppi DP and Fraser TJ}
}
@conference {39837,
	title = {Intake, digestibility and retention time of 2 forages by kids and lambs},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {43},
	year = {1983},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {119-122},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Fifty New Zealand Romney lambs (25 wethers and 25 ewes) grazing a ryegrass/white clover pasture from weaning, were used to study the distribution of zinc, copper, manganese and iron among the various organs and tissues and the amounts associated with a kilogram gain in fleece-free empty body weight. Each kilogram gain in fleece-free empty body weight was associated with 24 mg Zn, 0.77 mg Cu, 0.47 mg Mn and 55 mg Fe, while a kilogram of clean wool contained 220 mg Zn, 7 mg Cu, 3.5 mg Mn and 23 mg Fe. Thus for a young sheep gaining 100g of fleece-free empty body weight/d maintaining a mean wool growth of 10 g/d the daily demands for Zn, Cu and Mn for growth (2.4 mg Zn; 0.08 mg Cu; 0.05 mg Mn) and wool production (2.2 mg Zn; 0.07 mg Cu; 0.035 mg Mn) were found to be similar.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Alam MR and Poppi DP and Sykes AR}
}
@conference {39675,
	title = {Passage of Cr-EDTA through the digestive tract of cattle and sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {40},
	year = {1980},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {145-149},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Poppi DP and Minson DJ}
}
