@conference {40850,
	title = {Variation in fleece characteristics over the body of alpacas},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {338-341},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Variation in fleece characteristics over the body of alpacas was  examined in order to determine the optimum sampling site to provide an  estimate of overall fleece properties. Fibre samples were taken from the  neck, shoulder, midside, mid-back and rump positions on 35 mature female  alpacas. Yield was significantly (P<0.0001) lower on the neck and back and higher  on the rump than on the shoulder and midside sites, 91.1, 91.0, 94.4, 94.0,  93.2 \% (se 0.3) respectively. Staple length varied significantly (P<0.001)  between all sites. Fibres on the neck were considerably shorter than at other  sites, with staple length at the neck only 56.7 mm compared to the other  sites where length was between 80 and 100 mm. Staple length increased  from rump (81.9 mm) to shoulder (99.6 mm) and from the back (86.4 mm)  down the midside (92.8). Fibre diameter did not vary over the fleece (mean  33.3 },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Newman S-AN and Paterson DJ}
}
@conference {40586,
	title = {Effect of level of nutrition and season on fibre growth in alpacas},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {54},
	year = {1994},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {147-150},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The effect of nutrition on fibre production varies with species and  
response to nutrition may also be influenced by season.  This study examined  
the effect of feed allowance and season on fibre growth in alpacas.  14 one- 
year-old alpacas were pen-fed a pelleted lucerne diet at a maintenance or ad lib  
intake level for 11 weeks in summer (January - February) and winter (July -  
September).  Intake, liveweight gain and fibre growth rate were measured. 
 
Voluntary feed intake was 45\% higher in summer than in winter, 68 vs 47 {\textpm} 2 g  
DM/kg0.75/day.  Estimated maintenance requirements from this trial were 31.11  
g DM/kg0.75/day or 0.276 MJ ME/kg0.75/day. 
 
There was a positive relationship between feed intake, liveweight gain and  
fibre growth rate.  Increased feed allowance resulted in higher liveweight gain  
and increased fibre growth rate.  Differences in fibre length growth between  
maintenance and ad lib feeding levels, 0.36 and 0.33 {\textpm} 0.02 mm/day  
respectively, were not significant (P=0.07).  Feeding level had no effect on  
fibre diameter.  Fibre growth rate was greater (0.77 vs 0.62 {\textpm} 0.04 mg/cm2/day)  
and fibre diameter coarser (33.7 vs 31.3 {\textpm} 0.9 {\textmu}) in summer than winter.  The  
rate of response of fibre growth to increased feed allowance was the same in  
summer and winter. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Newman S-AN and Paterson DJ}
}
@conference {40592,
	title = {Effect of nutrition on fine wool production in Merino wethers},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {54},
	year = {1994},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {173-176},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The potential to reduce fibre diameter of wool from Merino sheep using  
feeds that are readily available and cheaply produced in New Zealand was  
investigated.  Two hundred and twenty fine wool two year old and mature  
Merino wethers were allocated to four feeding treatments for 12 months.  The  
four feeding treatments were 1) silage, 2) silage and grass, 3) grass allocated  
three times per week, and 4) grass allocated once per week.  Monthly  
liveweight, wool growth rate and fibre characteristics were measured.  At the  
trial conclusion annual fleece production was determined and wool samples  
from each treatment group combined for line analysis. 
 
Liveweights fluctuated over the trial period indicating the difficulty of  
controlling feed intake accurately under pasture conditions.  Wethers on the  
silage treatment had significantly lower fleece weights (2.4 kg) and finer fibre  
diameter (17.0 {\textpm} 0.2 and 17.6 {\textpm} 0.3 m for 2 year old and mature wethers  
respectively) than other treatments (3.2 kg, 17.6 {\textpm} 0.2 and 18.6 {\textpm} 0.3 {\textmu} for 2  
year old and mature wethers respectively).  Staple strength ranged from 17 to  
36 N/ktex, with weakest wool from the silage treatments.  Bulk values were  
low, ranging from 24.0 to 27.3 cm3/g. 
 
Wool was processed by a Japanese company for super high grade men{\textquoteright}s  
clothing fabric.  The treatment groups were processed separately and evaluated  
at all stages from greasy wool to fabric.  Little difference was found between  
the treatments except for the wool from the young silage treatment which had a  
superior fabric handle but was inferior at other processing stages. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Newman S-AN and Paterson DJ and Haack NA}
}
@conference {40587,
	title = {Liveweight and fleece production from New Zealand, South African and first cross Angora goats},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {54},
	year = {1994},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {151-154},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The release of the South African Angora from quarantine will be the  
single factor with the greatest impacts on the New Zealand mohair industry  
over the next few years.  In order to provide information on production under  
New Zealand farming conditions, trial was carried out comparing the  
liveweight and fleece production of South African, New Zealand and first cross  
South African x New Zealand (Crossbred) Angora goats from birth to two  
years of age.  Crossbred and South African goats were significantly heavier  
than New Zealand Angoras at most ages.  South African Angoras were heavier  
than Crossbreds for the first 8 months only. Fleeces from South African goats  
were heaviest, New Zealand Angora fleeces were lightest, while Crossbred  
fleece weights were intermediate between the parental breeds at all shearing  
times.  Fibre diameter of fleeces from New Zealand goats was finer at 12  
months of age (24.8 {\textpm} 0.4, 27.0 {\textpm} 0.4, 27.6 {\textpm} 0.3 {\textmu}m for New Zealand,  
Crossbred and South African respectively) but there were no differences at 18  
and 24 months of age.  Medullation and kemp levels were higher in New  
Zealand than South African fleeces at all sampling times.  Medullation and  
kemp levels in the Crossbred fleeces were higher than the mean of the parent  
levels, indicating heterosis effects.  Medullation levels did not differ in  
Crossbred and New Zealand fleeces at 18 and 24 months of age.  Advantages  
of the South African Angora over the New Zealand Angora goat were  
confirmed in this study, however anticipated improvements in fleece quality  
were not achieved in the first cross. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Newman S-AN and Paterson DJ and Power MT}
}
@conference {40445,
	title = {Grazing management strategies for the production of fine Merino wool in North Island conditions},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {15-18},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Twenty four, three-week old Friesian calves were fed restricted levels of milk replacer and ad libitum levels of either ensiled roughages (R) or cereal-based pellets (P). The roughage diet consisted of ensiled lucerne- molasses (Chaffhage), followed by a mixture of Chaffhage and ensiled maize-molasses (Stockhage). The calves were weaned off milk over a two week period once they reached 70 kg. Diet R calves grew significantly faster (P<0.001) and finished the trial significantly sooner (P<0.05), based on unfasted weekly liveweight data.  However, no differences were observed in fasted body weight gain. Diet R was consumed in significantly (P<0.001) larger quantities and resulted in a significantly (P<0.001) greater fasting weight loss at the end of the trial. No carryover effects were observed in terms of subsequent growth rate in heifer calves at pasture following weaning. Energy digestibilities of Chaffhage and diet P (measured using 8 bull calves following weaning) were not significantly different. No carryover effects in the ability of calves reared on R or P to digest pasture were observed. It is concluded that ensiled roughage can be consumed in sufficient quantities by young calves to produce acceptable levels of liveweight gain.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Litherland AJ and Haack N and Paterson DJ}
}
@conference {40520,
	title = {Seasonal fibre growth patterns in three breeds of down goat},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {331-334},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Subcutaneous fat colour at slaughter, after chilling for 24 hours was subjectively assessed on a scale of 1 (very white) to 5 hours (very yellow).  Beef breeds (Angus, Beef Shorthorn, Galloway, Hereford and Red Poll), and dairy breeds (Friesian, Milking Shorthorn, Ayrshire and Jersey) of steer were slaughtered at 30 months of age over 5 consecutive years. The Friesian and Angus breeds were present every year and other breeds except for the Hereford and Red Poll were present for at least 2 years. The beef breeds had significantly (P<0.01) more carcasses with white fat than the dairy breeds. The Beef Shorthorn had significantly (P<0.05) more carcasses with white fat than the Angus. The Ayrshire had more carcasses with white fat (P<0.01) than the other dairy breeds. The Jersey had more carcasses (P<0.05) with yellow fat than all the other breeds. For the dairy breeds only there were significant correlations (0.4 - 0.7) between fat colour after chilling and the weight of kidney and channel fat.  The more kidney and channel fat present the yellower the carcass. There was a correlation of 0.32 between meat colour and fat colour after slaughter. Friesian steers had more carcasses (P<0.01) with dark red meat than did the other breeds.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {O{\textquoteright}Neill KT and Litherland AJ and Spring PJ and Paterson DJ}
}
@conference {40321,
	title = {Four methods of harvesting cashmere from breeding does},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1991},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {259-264},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {No abstract supplied  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Litherland AJ and Paterson DJ and Hamilton G and O{\textquoteright}Neill K}
}
@conference {40323,
	title = {Lamb and hogget wool production from crosses of new and traditional sheep breeds},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1991},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {271-276},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Seasonal wool growth and objective fleece characteristics were  measured for a group of Texel, Oxford Down (Oxford) and Romney ewes at  Hopuhopu Quarantine and Research Station and a group of Finnish Landrace  (Finn) and Romney ewes at Flock House Quarantine and Research Station.  The ewes were born in 1987 and aspects of wool production measured from  November 1988 to August 1990.   All breeds exhibited a seasonal pattern of wool growth with a late  summer-early autumn maximum and late winter-early spring minimum. The  seasonal amplitude of wool growth of the Oxford was less, the Texel  similar and the Finn greater than the Romney.    Average annual clean fleece weight of the Romney (100) was heavier than  the Texel, Oxford and Finn (60, 59, 44 respectively). Oxford and Texel  wool was shorter (69, 59 respectively), more bulky (157, 162  respectively) and of a similar mean fibre diameter and brightness  compared with Romney wool (100). Finn wool was shorter (70), slightly  more bulky (115), finer *(74) and similar brightness compared with  Romney wool (100). Texel, Oxford and Finn wools all showed less yellow  discolouration (92, 77, 70 respectively) than Romney wool (100).   Calculated net wool returns for the Texel, Oxford and Finn ewes were  approximately $7, $7 and $11 per ewe per year less than for the Romney.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Newman S-AN and Paterson DJ}
}
@conference {40354,
	title = {The use of fine and coarse bucks and G4 does for breeding for cashgora production},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1991},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {429-436},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Stocking rates for maximum production and economic performance  of Holstein-Friesians and Jerseys were predicted by calculating response  curves from the regression equations of stocking rate on cow  performance. Holstein-Friesians produced higher yields, gross milk  incomes and net incomes per cow while Jerseys produced higher milkfat  and protein yields, gross milk incomes and net incomes per ha when both  breeds were stocked at the same liveweight or for maximum production or  optimum economic performance. Maximum net income based on 1990/91 costs  and prices occurred at 3.0 and 3.7 cows/ha for Holstein-Friesians and  Jerseys respectively. At these stocking rates net income for Jerseys  was 5\% higher than for Holstein-Friesians.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Paterson DJ and Litherland AJ and Newman S-AN and Edmonds DK}
}
@conference {40231,
	title = {Concentration of melatonin in plasma of goats treated with Regulin},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {297-300},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Sustained release of melatonin from implants or microcapsules   administered in October induced cashmere growth during November to March   in all ten, treated, cashmere-bearing goats. The mean maximum length of   the cashmere in this induced fleece ranged from 12-55mm. Another   cashmere growth cycle followed between autumn and winter. In contrast,   nineteen control goats grew cashmere only during the autumn-winter   period. Melatonin treatment increased total mean cashmere staple length   by up to 65\% for treated animals compared with controls. The onset of   growth of the autumn fleece in the treated goats was delayed as also was   the time when maximum length was achieved on shedding occurred.   Melatonin treatment should permit the shearing of the autumn fleece to   be delayed, thus reducing the risk of post-shearing losses during   inclement weather in late winter.    },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Parry AL and Paterson DJ and Litherland AJ and Death AF and Staples LD}
}
@conference {40239,
	title = {Melatonin for cashmere production},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {339-344},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Relative to an industry Romney control line, three lines derived   from screening for high prolificacy, consisting of Romneys, Perendales   and Coopworths had significantly heavier weaning weights after   adjustment for non-genetic factors with weights of 19.9 (100), 22.3   (112), 24.0 (121) and 23.9 (120) kilograms (percentage relative to the   Romney controls) for the respective flocks. The differences increase   post-weaning and when slaughtered, between 175 and 219 days of age, the   carcass weights (kg) were 12.0 (100), 14.3 (119), 16.1 (134), 15.7 (131)   respectively for the different strains. Although the base populations   of Romneys are not genetically comparable the results suggest that the   intensive screening for prolificacy has indirectly resulted in animals   capable of more rapid growth to slaughter. The differences between   strains in their carcass weight adjusted subcutaneous fat depths were   minor except that the high prolificacy Perendales had lower increases in   fat depths with increasing carcass weight and had the lowest   subcutaneous fat depths at heavy weights. Additionally the high   prolificacy Perendales had 2 to 6 percent larger estimated L.   dorsi areas than the other genotypes.    },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Litherland AJ and Paterson DJ and Parry AL and Dick HB and Staples LD}
}
@conference {39401,
	title = {Yellow Fat in Lambs (Summary only)},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {33},
	year = {1973},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {191},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH and Crane B and Paterson DJ and Clare NT}
}
@conference {39355,
	title = {The Qualities of Ram Carcasses},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {32},
	year = {1972},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {39-47},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH and Paterson DJ}
}
@conference {39323,
	title = {Effect of Pre-Slaughter Starvation on Weight-Loss in Cattle},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {31},
	year = {1971},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {42},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kirton AH and Paterson DJ}
}
