@conference {41100,
	title = {Suitability of serum oestrone sulphate measurement to verify pregnancy in red deer},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {59},
	year = {1999},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {131-133},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The mean {\textpm} s.e.m. concentration of oestrone sulphate (OS) in serum from 31 non-pregnant red deer was 2.0{\textpm}0.2 ng/ml. The value 3 standard deviations above this mean was 6.2 ng/ml which represents the highest serum OS concentration likely to be found in non-pregnant deer. Only 2 out of 40 serum samples obtained from 15 deer between 118 and 182 days pregnant had an OS concentration >6.2 ng/ml, the overall mean {\textpm} s.e.m. value for the 40 samples being 2.4{\textpm}0.3 ng/ml. On days 195 and 209 of gestation, 5 of 10 deer and 7 of 9 deer respectively had serum OS concentrations above 6.2 ng/ml; the mean {\textpm} s.e.m. concentrations on days 195 and 209 being 7.2{\textpm}1.3 ng/ml and 14.9{\textpm}3.4 ng/ml respectively. These results show that mean serum OS concentrations rise markedly in red deer during late gestation, and that by day 209 serum OS concentrations have risen above 6.2 ng/ml in most hinds. Measuring serum OS concentrations in the last month before expected calving may offer an alternative to ultrasonography for verifying pregnancy status in red deer. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Henderson KM and Beatson N}
}
@conference {40941,
	title = {Non-invasive pregnancy determination in mares by enzymeimmunoassay of estrone sulphate concentrations in faeces.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1997},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {234-236},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Measurement of faecal estrone sulphate by enzymeimmunoassay was evaluated as a non-invasive means of monitoring pregnancy status in mares. Faecal samples from non-pregnant mares had a mean {\textpm} s.e.m. estrone sulphate concentration of 23 {\textpm} 0.9 ng/g (N=242). In pregnant mares, mean faecal estrone sulphate concentrations increased progressively during the first half of gestation. The values rose from a mean {\textpm} s.e.m. of 49 {\textpm} 4 ng/g (N=121) for samples collected <80 days post-mating, to 122 {\textpm} 9 ng/g (N=30) for samples collected 161 to 180 days post-mating. Thereafter, faecal estrone sulphate concentrations remained relatively constant for the remainder of pregnancy. From 150 days post-mating onwards, <2\% of faecal samples from pregnant mares had an estrone sulphate concentration below 66 ng/g which was the value 3 standard deviations above the mean value found for non-pregnant mares. Following foaling or foetal death, faecal estrone sulphate concentrations returned quickly to non-pregnant levels. Using this estrone sulphate enzymeimmunoassay, mares may be confirmed pregnant once faecal estrone sulphate concentrations rise above the 66 ng/g cut-off value. Those mares in which faecal estrone sulphate concentrations have not risen above 66 ng/g by 150 days post-mating may be considered to be non-pregnant. Measurement of faecal estrone sulphate thus offers a convenient, non-invasive means of monitoring pregnancy status. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Henderson KM and Perkins NR and Wards RL and Stewart JI}
}
@conference {40678,
	title = {Evaluation of {\textquoteright}CONFIRM{\textquoteright} as a method to verify pregnancy in dairy cows},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {91-93},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {A total of 24 mature rams and ewes (>2.5 yrs) from a line selected for  high backfat thickness and an unselected control line were used to investigate  the relationship between maintenance efficiency and body composition in  mature sheep. Over a 6 week period the sheep were fed daily a pelleted  ration at levels to maintain liveweight. At the end of this period the weights  of total fat, carcass lean, viscera and of the empty body (fleece free) were  estimated from X-ray computed tomographic images. After adjustment for  empty body weight the control line required 5\% more feed to maintain  liveweight (P<0.05) than sheep from the fat line and males required 19\%  more feed (P0.05) than females. After adjustment for differences in either  total fat or carcass lean weight, there were no significant difference (P>0.05)  in feed requirements between the lines. This indicated that although a  genetic change in body composition did alter maintenance feed requirements  at maturity, the efficiency of maintaining a unit weight of either fat or carcass  lean remained the same. After adjustment for differences in total fat and  carcass lean weight, rams still required 11\% more feed than ewes to maintain  liveweight. Adjusting for visceral weight had no effect on feed requirements  to maintain the mature sheep. It was proposed that differences in the  turnover rates of adipose tissue or carcass lean contributes to the higher  maintenance feed cost observed for the mature ram.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Henderson KM and Camberis M and Macmillan KL}
}
@conference {40562,
	title = {Measurement of steroids by enzymeimmunoassay: An environmentally friendly alternative to radioimmunoassay},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {54},
	year = {1994},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {55-58},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Enzymeimmunoassays (EIAs) for oestradiol-17b and progesterone were  
developed using antibody-coated microtitre plates, and steroid-horseradish  
peroxidase conjugates as steroid {\textquoteright}tracers{\textquoteright}.  The characteristics of standard  
curves and the precision of measurements were comparable between the EIAs  
and corresponding radioimmunoassays (RIAs).  The applicability of the EIAs  
was demonstrated by using them to measure oestradiol-17b and progesterone  
concentrations in media sampled daily from cultures of bovine granulosa cells.   
The EIAs detected the characteristic switch in cellular steroidogenic capacity  
from oestradiol-17b to progesterone production typical of cultured granulosa  
cells.  There was a significant linear correlation (P<0.001) between the EIAs  
and RIAs in the concentrations of steroids measured in granulosa cell culture  
medium by the two immunoassay formats.  These findings may encourage  
other laboratories to consider converting "in-house" RIAs to EIAs, thereby  
eliminating the potential health and environmental hazards associated with the  
radioisotopes required for RIA. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Henderson KM and Hardie AHM and Camberis M}
}
@conference {40506,
	title = {An enzymeimmunoassay to measure oestrone sulphate in cows{\textquoteright} milk},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {271-274},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Romney rams selected for high wool staple strength grew 25\% more wool than rams selected for low staple strength when fed near maintenance rations during a 10 week winter experiment. Wool growth responses to supplements of energy (6\% of diet as tallow), protein (9\% of diet as bloodmeal) and methionine (1.2 g/d by intraperitoneal injection) were similar in the two staple strength selection lines. Tallow increased the estimated supply of metabolic energy by 53\% but was without effect on wool growth.  Bloodmeal increased dietary protein by 82\%, dietary energy by 9\% and sulphur supplies by 15\% and produced 38\% more wool. Methionine injections also increased sulphur supplies by 13\% but had no effect on energy or protein supplies and the wool growth response (35\%) was similar to that of bloodmeal. The finding that methionine supplies limited wool growth is consistent with other studies in sheep on low planes of nutrition. A component of wool growth responses was an increase in minimum mean fibre diameter. It accounted for most differences in staple strength between treatments but comparison at the same minimum mean fibre diameter indicated that the methionine supplement increased staple strength through an additional mechanism. Staple strength responses to nutritional treatments were similar in the two staple strength selection lines. It is concluded that the greater wool growth of the high staple strength selection line accounted for the majority of its staple strength advantage over the low strength line, and that there may be an effect of methionine on wool strength that is additional to its effect on fibre diameter. Because nutritional and genetic effects on staple strength were independent, they can be exploited concurrently to reduce the incidence of tender wools.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Henderson KM and Camberis M and Simmons MH and Starrs WJ}
}
@conference {40366,
	title = {Concentrations of oestrone sulphate in milk during pregnancy in dairy cows},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {52},
	year = {1992},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {17-20},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Host resistance to internal parasites, as measured by faecal egg  count and dagginess was investigated in ram lambs born in the 1981-83  years (approximately generation 3) from the Woodlands selection lines.  Lines were selected for either: number of lambs born, 100 day weight,  hogget fleece weight and a production index in which all three traits  are combined; a fifth line was a randomly selected control. Ram lambs  were drenched with anthelmintic and then exposed to contaminated pasture  for a period of 6-7 weeks and then faecal sampled. Total plasma  protein, albumin and pepsinogen were measured.   The results demonstrated significant variation between selection lines  in faecal egg count, dag score, liveweight gain, wool growth and blood  plasma parameters. Between selection lines, faecal egg count was  positively correlated with liveweight gain (0.95) and wool growth  (0.41). Blood pepsinogen and total blood protein were both negatively  associated with faecal egg count and liveweight gain (correlations of  -0.51 to -0.90).   Using sire variation within selection line (progeny of 65 sires)  produced heritability estimates of 0.13 },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Henderson KM and Karanikolas M and Kenealy L and Macmillan KL}
}
@conference {40212,
	title = {Comparison of commercial gonadotrophins using bioassays},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {161-166},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The immune response of sheep to nematode parasites involves a   cascade of events beginning with the recognition of nematode antigen,   followed by stimulation of the immune system to elicit the appropriate   cellular response at the gut mucosa and finally the release of products   which promote the elimination of the parasite from the gut. These   processes are examined and deficiencies in the knowledge are   highlighted. The application of the knowledge of the sheeps{\textquoteright} immune   system to the identification of a marker for resistance and   opportunities for the control of nematodes through manipulation of   sheeps{\textquoteright} responsiveness are discussed.     The progress that has been achieved in the experimental breeding of   sheep for nematode resistance is examined. The use of such valuable   scientific resource flocks for studies which advance the understanding   of the immunology of resistance is discussed.    },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Henderson KM and Weaver A and Wards RL and Lun S and McNatty KP}
}
@conference {40207,
	title = {How does the F gene influence ovulation rates in booroola ewes? A 1990 perspective},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {135-140},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Currently most transgenic animals are produced by microinjecting   DNA into a pronucleus of in vivo derived embryos. This is an   inefficient procedure because of the costs of animals, superovulation   and surgery, the low numbers of embryos produced, and their poor   viability after injection. Thus, in most well run programmes, only   about 10\% of injected sheep, pig and cattle embryos result in offspring   and only 0.5 to 1\% in transgenic offspring. Methods for improving the   efficiency are discussed and it is concluded that effective in   vitro maturation (IVM), fertilisation (IVF) and culture techniques   and alternative methods of gene insertion (particularly through stem   cells or sperm - mediated insertion) would make significant   contributions to improved results. Ruakura{\textquoteright}s successful sheep and   cattle in vitro oocyte maturation, fertilisation and culture   programme and its results are discussed. Recent developments in MOET   techniques are discussed and it is concluded that, in the short term, it   is possible that more effective multiplication of transgenics could   arise from successful IVM/IVF and nuclear transplantation procedures   than from significant improvements in current MOET technology. The   in vitro produced egg therefore has considerable potential for   increasing the efficiency of producing and multiplying transgenics.    },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McNatty KP and Henderson KM and Fleming JS and Price CA and Clarke IJ}
}
@conference {40148,
	title = {Effect of active immunisation with follicular fluid on ovulation rates in Romney ewes},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {49},
	year = {1989},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {97-102},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Twenty four beef carcasses, all visually graded as P1, were assigned on the basis of fat depth D, to fat classes L (n=5), P (n=7), K (n=8) and G (n=4). The percent dissected lean of these samples for each class was: L, 66.9; P, 64.6; K, 63.4; G, 60.7, while total dissected fat \% was: L, 14.5; P, 17.3; K, 19.0 and G, 21.8. There were no significant differences in chemical composition of individual joints across fat classes, but there were highly significant differences between joints. Percent intramuscular fat content of the lean was: topside, 5.0; chuck, 7.5; loin, 12.1 and brisket, 12.4. Overall acceptability of the cooked loin was similar for all fat classes, despite a range from 4 to 24\% in intramuscular fat content. There was not significant association between intramuscular fat and eating quality, which suggests that if pre- and post-slaughter conditions are well controlled, meat of satisfactory eating quality can be obtained from lean carcasses.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Henderson KM and Ellen RL and Weaver A and Ball K and McNatty KP}
}
@conference {40149,
	title = {Induction of twin ovulations in red deer hinds with steroid-free bovine follicular fluid},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {49},
	year = {1989},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {103-106},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Because the enzyme catalase is involved in the peroxisomal pathway of fatty acid oxidation in the liver, it is possible that higher levels of catalase activity may be associated with higher levels of fatness. This was investigated in the high and low backfat Southdown sheep selection lines at Massey University. Liver biopsies were taken from 13 high backfat (HBD) and 14 low backfat (LBD) ewe hoggets with mean liveweight-adjusted ultrasonic backfat depths (LABF, expressed as percentage deviations) of +42\% and -20\% respectively. The HBD group had significantly higher (P<0.05) liver catalase activity (1944 },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Fisher MW and Fennessy PF and Henderson KM and Newman RE and Manley TR}
}
@conference {40014,
	title = {Effect on ovulation rate of increasing or decreasing ovarian exposure to follicle stimulating hormone during the preovulatory period},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {46},
	year = {1986},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {157-160},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Yearling red deer hinds were treated to advance the time of the normal onset of ovulation so that mating and subsequent calving would occur about 1 month earlier than usual. All hinds, except for the untreated controls had 15 days of intravaginal progesterone treatment beginning on 28 February. At progesterone withdrawal hinds were either untreated, or given pregnant mare{\textquoteright}s serum gonadotrophin (PMS) or gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Stags were introduced on 14 March and the hinds laparoscoped 7 or 12 days later to record the presence or absence of an induced ovulation. Untreated hinds had a very low incidence of ovulation prior to the onset of the normal breeding season. While the use of progesterone alone marginally increased the number of hinds ovulating, PMS or GnRH treatment was generally necessary to induce ovulation. However, assessed from calving records, fertility at the induced ovulation was poor.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Henderson KM and Ellen RL and Savage LC and Ball K and McNatty KP}
}
@conference {40033,
	title = {Ovarian follicular development in Booroola ewe lambs and in highly fecund Booroola ewes},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {46},
	year = {1986},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {241-244},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Two hundred and thirty 5-year-old Romney ewes were synchronised with progestagen intravaginal sponges and injected with dexamethasone 142 or 143 days after the median mating day of the first and second cycles of oestrus. Seventy-one \% of the lambs were born 30 to 50 h after injection. The ewes were offered 2 pasture allowances for the last 6 weeks of pregnancy (approximately 6 and 1 kg DM/ewe/d). Lambs were vigour scored (1 to 10) and probed for rectal temperature and ewe lambs were cross-fostered as soon as possible after birth in order to obtain a 2 4 factorial design incorporating birth type (single and twin) rearing types (single and twin), pre-natal nutrition of dam (high and low allowance), and pre-natal nutrition of foster dam (high and low allowance). Lambs born from high allowance ewes had higher rectal temperatures at birth than those born from low allowance ewes, and female lambs had higher rectal temperatures than male lambs. Single-born lambs scored higher on vigour than those born as multiples. Increasing vigour was associated with increasing birth weight for all lambs, but increasing temperature was associated with increasing birth weight only for male lambs. There were no effects of pre-natal nutrition on lamb growth either through the dam or foster dam. The effect of birth type on lamb live weight was significant to 9 weeks of age whereas the effect of rearing type was significant to 33 weeks. There were no significant birth type x rearing type interactions at any age.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McNatty KP and Lun S and Heath D and Hudson N and McDiarmid J and Ball K and Smith P and Henderson KM}
}
@conference {39941,
	title = {Influence of follicle stimulating hormone on ovarian follicular development and ovulation rate in Romney ewes},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {45},
	year = {1985},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {51-54},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Levels of cell mediated immunity (CJMI) were monitored in pregnant and non-pregnant control ewes to assess the impact of pregnancy on CMI in sheep. Pregnant plasma caused a significant depression in lymphocyte culture reactivity with mitogens (PHA, Con A and PWM) or with antigen (BSA) in primed animals. No defect in transformation was evident in pregnant lymphocytes per se, which gave normal transformation when cultured in control plasma. Delayed- type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to specific antigens were significantly lower during pregnancy in response to 1},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Hudson N and McNatty KP and Ball K and Gibb M and Heath D and Lun S and Kieboom L and Henderson KM}
}
@conference {39872,
	title = {Effect of season on ovarian and pituitary activity in cows},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {44},
	year = {1984},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {19-20},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {One hundred and four ewe lambs born in 1980 to either ewes that had been immunised against steroid hormones or untreated control ewes were retained for study of their subsequent growth and reproductive performance. There was no significant effect of dam immunisation on growth rate or reproductive performance as hoggets, 2-tooths or 4- tooths. Dam breed (Coopworth or Romney) was the major factor influencing reproductive performance. Mean lamb birth weight was 3.7 kg, weaning weight 18.7 kg, hogget mating weight 40.0 kg, 2-tooth mating weight 54.4 kg and 4-tooth mating weight 60.4 kg. At 9 months of age 83\% had exhibited oestrus and their ovulation rate was 1.08, as 2- tooths, 96\% mated in the first cycle with an ovulation rate of 1.68 and a conception rate of 80\% to first service. They had a lamb drop of 1.49 lambs born/ewe joined and weaned 1.35 lambs/ewe joined. The respective figures as 4-tooths were 98\%, 1.8, 85\%, 1.43 and 1.34. These data indicate that immunisation of ewes against steroid hormones has no adverse effects on the performance of their progeny.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McNatty KP and Heath D and Lun S and Henderson KM and Hudson N and Gibb M and McDiarmid J and Montgomery GW and Thurley DC}
}
@conference {39876,
	title = {Ovarian activity in the Booroola x Romney ewe possessing a major gene influencing fecundity},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {44},
	year = {1984},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {33-36},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Prices paid at 6 sales for Perendale fleece wool assessed as having loose wool bulk values of 25 cm},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McNatty KP and Henderson KM and Lun S and Heath D and Kieboom L and Hudson N and Fannin J and Ball K and Smith P}
}
@conference {39875,
	title = {Ovarian inhibin: a hormone with potential to increase ovulation rate in sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {44},
	year = {1984},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {29-32},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The Booroola F gene gives sheep breeders a unique method of rapidly increasing the prolificacy of their flocks. Research data indicate that on average, every ewe carrying the F gene will produce about 1 extra lamb at each lambing. Breed type need not be changed from those currently favoured as the F gene can be transmitted to any breed, firstly by a series of controlled backcrosses and then by identifying carrier sheep of the desired breed type. Management systems to cope with large increases in lamb drop need to be developed along with breeding programmes to predict more accurately the genotype of individual sheep. These management systems and breeding programmes must also incorporate a strong emphasis on the ability to rear triplet born lambs to a marketable size.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Henderson KM and Franchimont P and Lecomte-Yerna MJ and Charlet-Renard CH and Hudson N and Ball K and McNatty KP}
}
