@conference {40922,
	title = {The effect of protein supply on the periparturient parasite status of the mature ewe.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1997},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {186-189},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Thirty two twin - and thirty two single - bearing ewes (W = 50.6 {\textpm} 0.13 and 48.9 {\textpm} 0.11kg respectively) were individually penned indoors nine weeks before lambing. Four dietary groups, balanced for pregnancy status were established utilising a 2x2 design for energy (E) and protein (P) levels. These were E1P1; E1P2; E2P1; and E2P2 (groups 1 - 4 respectively) and were based on a lucerne hay and barley diet. E1 and E2 were designed to promote 0 and +50g/d gain in maternal bodyweight, respectively. P1 and P2 contained approximately 120 and 200gCP/kg DM, respectively, the difference achieved through the inclusion of fishmeal in P2 diets. From seven weeks prior to and until parturition all ewes were trickle infected with 10,000 Teladorsagia circumcincta and 7,000 Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae per day. Faecal egg counts were determined weekly from five weeks prior to and until three weeks after parturition when worm burdens were determined. Geometric mean faecal egg counts (epg) and worm burdens were 1610 and 145 epg and 12020 and 1540 worms, respectively, on low and high protein diets (P<0.01 in both cases) and 310 and 750 epg (NS) and 2290 and 8090 worms, respectively (P<0.01) in single compared to twin-bearing ewes. There was no effect of energy level. The periparturient breakdown in resistance to parasitic infection thus appears to be counteracted by protein supplementation. Supplementation of the ewe may provide an alternative parasite control strategy by reducing pasture contamination and may have greatest effect in prolific flocks. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Donaldson J and Van Houtert MFJ and Sykes AR}
}
@conference {40904,
	title = {Responses to protected amino acids or protected protein in dairy cows grazing ryegrass pastures in early lactation.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1997},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {120-125},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Two-hundred-and-four Friesian dairy cows (4-9 years old) were allocated to 1 of 9 groups at calving (n=22-23) in August-September 1995. All cows grazed ryegrass pastures at a stocking rate of 3.1 cows/ha and received some maize silage and barley for the first weeks after calving. In addition, they received one of three experimental supplements in early lactation (weeks 2-11) or mid lactation (weeks 12-22) or late lactation (weeks 23-33). Experimental supplements were 1 kg/d barley only (BAR), 1 kg/d barley with 17 g/d protected methionine/lysine (BML) or 1 kg/d protected protein meal (PPM). Individual pasture intake was estimated twice (5 days) during each lactation stage with sub-groups of cows (n=8) using the alkane technique. Preliminary results for cows in the early and late lactation groups are presented. In cows supplemented in early lactation, supplement intake was lower than anticipated (BAR, BML and PPM: 0.73, 0.67 and 0.41 kg/d respectively). Mean pasture intake (17.4 kg dry matter [DM]/d), milk solid production (2.07 kg/d) or changes in live weight (+23 kg) and body condition (+0.02) did not differ between groups. Gross milk composition and milk protein composition were also unaffected. In cows supplemented during late lactation, supplement intake was 0.83, 0.84 and 0.68 kg/d for groups BAR, BML and PPM respectively. Mean pasture intake (14.3 kg DM/d), milk solid production (1.49 kg/d) and change in live weight (+11 kg) during the period of supplementation did not differ between groups. Although further work with higher levels of supplementation with protein or amino acids is required, these results suggest that neither MP supply nor methionine/lysine supply were limiting milk production in dairy cows grazing ryegrass-based pastures during early or late lactation. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Rusdi and Van Houtert MFJ}
}
@conference {40788,
	title = {Supplementary feeding and gastrointestinal nematode parasitism in young grazing sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {94-98},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Young Merino wethers (n=240) were allocated to 1 of 8 treatments in  a replicated field experiment. Animals grazed semi-improved pasture and  received supplements for 14 or 28 weeks based on fish meal (F14, F28),  sunflower meal (S14, S28) or oat grain (O14, O28). Unsupplemented  parasite-free (C-) and parasitised animals (C+) were included as controls.  Animal performance and parasite status were evaluated. During weeks 1-14 faecal egg counts (FEC) were below 120 eggs per gram  (epg), due to low larval intake from pasture. Cumulative live-weight gain  (LWG) over this period was increased as a result of supplementary feeding  from 8.6 (mean C- and C+) to 11.4 kg (F14; P<0.01) or 9.9 or 9.7 kg (S14  and O14 respectively; P>0.05). From week 15 animals were dosed fortnightly with 6000 Trichostrongylus  colubriformis and 2000 Haemonchus contortus larvae. Lucerne hay was fed  twice weekly from week 17 onwards (2 kg/sheep/week). The FEC increased  to about 5900 epg in week 28 for groups C+, F14, S14, O14 and O28 and  about 3000 epg for groups F28 and S28 (P<0.05). Cumulative LWG from  weeks 15-28 for groups C-, F28, S28 and O28 (0.9, 1.1, 0.6 and 1.4 kg  respectively) was higher than for groups C+, F14, S14 or O14 (-1.2, -1.7, - 2.2 and -0.9 kg respectively; P<0.05).  Supplementation with F, S and O during parasite infection enhanced the  resilience of grazing sheep to gastrointestinal nematodes, while  supplementation with F and S appear to have reduced peak FEC.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Van Houtert MFJ and Barger IA and Steel JW}
}
