@conference {41116,
	title = {Increasing milksolids production with supplementary feeds},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {59},
	year = {1999},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {188-191},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Four farmlets were established at a stocking rate of 4.41 Friesian cows per hectare to compare rolled maize grain, maize silage and a nutritionally balanced ration as supplementary feeds for grazing dairy cows, for three complete seasons. Supplements were offered whenever it was estimated the herds were eating less than 15 kg DM/cow/day or were leaving a post-grazing residual herbage mass of less than 1800 kg DM/ha. Offering 1.3 to 1.5t DM/cow/year of supplement increased net herbage accumulation from 18.3 to 19.2 t DM/ha, however, this did not result in higher annual herbage intake. The use of rolled maize grain, maize silage, and balanced ration supplements increased production from 1188 kg milksolids (MS)/ha to 1763, 1602, and 1769 ({\textpm}69.6) kg MS/ha/year, with responses of 98, 77, and 99 g MS/kg DM, respectively. The magnitude of the response to the supplementary feed was directly proportional to the increase in metabolisable energy supplied by the supplement. Full lactation responses to supplementary feeds were two fold greater than those measured in short term feeding trials. Responses of 7.5g MS/MJME can be expected over the complete lactation when supplements are offered to dairy cows grazing restricted pasture. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Penno JW and McGrath JM and MacDonald KA and Coulter M and Lancaster JAS}
}
@conference {41005,
	title = {Using nitrogen fertiliser to increase dairy farm profitability},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {58},
	year = {1998},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {117-120},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Five farmlets were established to investigate the profitability of using nitrogen fertiliser (N) to increase pasture supply and milksolids production. Farmlets were stocked with 3.34 (low) or 4.42 (high) Friesian cows/ha and received 0, 200 or 400 kg N/ha/year. Total annual pasture production was increased by 1.76 and 0.97 t DM/ha when 200 kg N/ha was applied and by 3.2 and 3.6 t DM/ha using 400 kg N/ha at the low and high stocking rate, respectively. Annual milksolids production increased by 142 and 218 kg MS/ha after the application of 200 and 400 kg N/ha, respectively. Increasing stocking rate from 3.34 to 4.42 cows/ha reduced milksolids production by 99 kg MS/cow. Applying 200 kg N/ha at the lower stocking rate increased economic farm surplus by $148/ha. Increasing stocking rate reduced total milksolids production and profitability at both rates of N. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McGrath JM and Penno JW and MacDonald KA and Carter WA}
}
