@conference {41167,
	title = {Cloning and characterization of the bovine myostatin promoter},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2000},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {90-93},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Hamilton},
	abstract = {Myostatin a TGF beta superfamily member has been shown to be present in high levels in the myogenic precursor cells of dermomyotome and in the adult muscle fiber. To identify cis-acting DNA elements involved in myostatin gene expression, we have isolated and sequenced several kilobases of the bovine myostatin promoter region. Sequence analysis of the 1.6 kb immediate upstream region of bovine myostatin revealed several muscle specific transcription factor binding sites such as E-boxes and an MEF2 binding site in this region. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Sharma M and Martin JK and Jeanplong F and Thomas M and Spiller MR and Bass JJ and Kambadur R}
}
@conference {41166,
	title = {Myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle growth, functions by inhibiting myoblast proliferation},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2000},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {85-89},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Hamilton},
	abstract = {Myostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b) superfamily has been shown to be a negative regulator of myogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism of myostatin function is, so far, not understood. Here we show that myostatin is synthesised and proteolytically processed in myoblasts and that myostatin functions by controlling the proliferation of muscle precursor cells. When actively growing C2C12 myoblasts were incubated with myostatin, the proliferation of myoblasts decreased with increasing levels of myostatin. Furthermore, we show that the myoblast inhibition by myostatin is reversible, such that, myoblasts retain the ability to proliferate after myostatin protein is removed. FACS analysis revealed that myostatin inhibited myoblast proliferation through preventing the progression of myoblasts from the G1 to S-phase of the cell cycle. Thus, we propose that the generalised muscular hyperplasia phenotype observed in animals that lack functional myostatin could be as a result of deregulated myoblast proliferation. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Thomas M and Langly B and Berry C and Sharma M and Kirk S and Bass J and Kambadur R}
}
@conference {41144,
	title = {A review of recent findings on myostatin - a gene which controls muscle growth},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {59},
	year = {1999},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {291-293},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The enlarged muscles of certain breeds of cattle, such as the Belgian Blue, result from a marked increase in the number of
normal sized muscle fibres. Originally insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) were implicated in this myofibre hyperplasia. Recently it has been reported that mice lacking a myostatin gene, a member of the TGFb super family, have enhanced skeletal muscle mass resulting from increased muscle fibre number and size. Mutations in this gene have been found in double muscled cattle, indicating that myostatin is an inhibitor of muscle growth. Myostatin is expressed early in gestation and then maintained to adulthood in certain muscles. Myostatin expression in bovine muscle is highest during gestation when muscle fibres are forming and some of the myogenic regulatory factors have elevated expression over the same period as myostatin. Myostatin and MyoD, myogenic regulatory factors expressed in muscle have been shown to differ between normal and hypertrophied muscle cattle breeds.  This evidence strongly suggests that lack of functional myostatin is associated with an increase in fibre number which then results in a marked increase in potential muscle mass in double muscled cattle.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Bass J and Oldham J and Sharma M and Kambadur R}
}
