@conference {41272,
	title = {Magnesium supplementation of lactating dairy cows in the summer and autumn},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2001},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {148-151},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Christchurch},
	abstract = {A series of three trials were established with 188 lactating dairy cows which were supplemented daily with either 0, 10 or 20 g Magnesium (Mg) during 18 weeks from January to May. Cows in each trial were allocated to treatments randomly in a cross-over design with each treatment lasting 2 weeks. This design was replicated three times during the 18 weeks. There was no treatment effect on serum Mg or milksolids (MS) production, (0.82, 0.82 \& 0.83 mmol/l or 0.78, 0.79 \& 0.77 kg MS/cow/day for 0, 10 \& 20 g Mg, respectively; averaged across all trials) and there were no farmlet-by-treatment interactions. Based on visual assessments of pasture intakes and pasture mineral analysis, mean pasture Mg intakes during all three trials ranged from 23 to 35g Mg/cow/day (SEM 1.14). Urine Mg-creatinine ratio of 50 cows during Trial 3 indicated that the urinary Mg concentration increased linearly with increasing dietary Mg (1.38, 1.87, 2.01 for the 0, 10 and 20 g treatments, respectively; SED 0.175). Trial three results suggest that Mg surplus to requirement was being voided by the cow and that it is unlikely that even at the higher stocking rates, a milk production response to Mg supplementation will occur in the summer/early-autumn period when Mg in diet is >0.18\%. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {MacDonald KA and Penno JW and Verkerk GA and Jago J and Dow BW}
}
@conference {40266,
	title = {The effect of early exposure to facial eczema on ewe lifetime production},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {473-475},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {No abstract supplied  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Moore RW and Sumner RMW and Dow BW}
}
@conference {40162,
	title = {Artificial insemination of farmed feral goats with frozen-thawed semen},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {49},
	year = {1989},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {171-174},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {A trial was conducted over 2 years in which the comparative wool growth rates of wethers and dry, single and twin-rearing ewes were measured. The sheep were pasture fed according to 3 regimes of either continuous maintenance or alternating 3-monthly periods of either high or low plane and maintenance feeding. At any one time, groups of sheep were either gaining, maintaining or losing live weight. This paper reports preliminary analyses of the effects on wool growth of year, breed, sheep age and rearing status. Coopworths were consistently heavier than Romneys. As a result of practical constraints associated with the trial design, ewes which reared twins were lighter at the end of the trial than ewes which reared singles which were lighter than wethers and ewes which did not raise any lambs. Romneys grew more wool than Coopworths with no difference in wool production between wethers and ewes which did not rear a lamb. Overall, the clean wool growth rate of the dry sheep was a minimum of 7.2 g/d in July/August and a maximum of 12.5 g/d in November/December. Wool growth rates of the single and twin rearing ewes relative to the dry sheep (100) were 63 and 55 in July/August and 90 and 82 in November/December respectively. Wool growth rates after weaning did not differ between rearing status groups. The combined effect of these differential wool growth patterns on clean fleece weight of single and twin rearing ewes relative to the dry sheep (100) were 86 and 77 in December and 99 and 97 in May respectively. Despite the apparent large reduction in wool production associated with rearing lambs it is still economic at present prices for most farmers to run breeding ewes rather than dry sheep of the same breed.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Moore RW and Dow BW and Staples LD}
}
@conference {40161,
	title = {The effect of integrated grazing of goats, sheep and cattle on animal productivity and health on high-producing hill country pastures},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {49},
	year = {1989},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {165-170},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {A selection experiment at Waikite (Rotorua) began in 1971 with closed Angus herds selected for adjusted 13-month weight (AS1), adjusted 18-month weight (AS2) or with random replacement (ACO). A closed Hereford herd, selected for adjusted 13-month eight (HS1), was also established. At both 13 and 18 months of age, annual responses in live weight in the AS1, HS1 and AS2 herds averaged 0.96, 0.62 and 0.48\% of the ACO herd means (calvings 1972-85). Five correlated responses were estimated. 1. Cow weight: From all ages of cows recorded over 4 seasons (on average 11 years of selection completed), AS1 and AS2 cows were 7.5 and 8.2\% heavier respectively than ACO cows; HS1 cows were 2.5\% heavier than AS1 cows, the same margin as in 1971. 2. Maternal weaning weight: (AS1 and AS2 herds only, relative to ACO): responses was estimated in a tester herd from calvings in 1982-86. The maternal grandsires were selected AS1 and AS2 bulls born after almost 2 generations (6 years) of selection. The AS1 herd was superior by 8.6 kg (5.7\%) and the AS2 herd by 2.2 kg (1.5\%). 3. Scrotal circumference: From the 1982-85 crops, the AS1 and AS2 bulls had respectively 0.9 (P<0.01) and 0.3 cm larger circumferences at 13 months of age and 0.7 (P<0.01) and 0.4 cm below corresponding AS1 values. 4. Height at withers: AS1 and AS2 bulls from the 1981 calf crop were respectively 3.5 and 2.5 cm taller (P<0.05) than the ACO bulls; the HS1 bulls were 2.3 cm taller (P<0.05) than the AS1 bulls. 5. Food intake: Average intake of silage by Angus bulls from the 1980 and 1981 crops were 10.4\% and 11.7\% greater (P<0.01) for AS1 and AS2 than ACO cattle respectively. Expressed relative to body weight, there was no significant difference due to herd. The pooled regression of daily intake of dry matter on 18-month weight was 0.0091 kg/kg (P<0.05), with a correlation of 0.32. The correlations of pre-fasting plasma tryptophan and the fall in plasma tryptophan concentration with average previous intake were 0.50 and 0.41, for bulls fasted over a 48 h period.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Bown MD and McCall DG and Scott ML and Watson TG and Dow BW}
}
@conference {40183,
	title = {Lambing of Romney and Booroola cross hoggets with and without the F gene under different pasture allowances},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {49},
	year = {1989},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {281-284},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Ruminants grazing pasture rarely approach their genetic potential   for meat, milk or wool production. There are wide differences also   between plant species and between leaf, stem and inflorescence fractions   in their capacity to sustain animal production. The relatively low   productivity of grazing ruminants and the differences between plant   components in nutritional value can be explained from an understanding   of the factors that determine nutrient supply to the animal{\textquoteright}s tissue and   the efficiency of metabolism. Nutrient supply to the tissues depends on   Ii) the nutrient contents of the forage available, which varies between   plant species, their component parts, their stage of maturity and the   growing conditions; (ii) the pasture components actually selected by the   animal which are influenced by ease of eating, taste, odour and tactile   characteristics of the plant material available, its water content, the   structure of the sward, the dimensions of the animal{\textquoteright}s incisor arcade   and its previous experience; (iii) the amount of each selected component   eaten, which is influenced by the potential of the animal to utilize   nutrients, the capacity of the reticulo-rumen and factors that affect   the rate of digestion and outflow of organic matter from the rumen, and   the time spent in eating and ruminating activities; (iv) modifications   of consumed nutrients by rumen microbes, particularly the extent of   breakdown of plant protein and the relative proportions of volatile   fatty acids produced; (v) the efficiency of biochemical reactions   metabolising the absorbed nutrients. Although a great deal is known   about the way each of these factors influence nutrient supply to grazing   animals, the complexity of the interactions between them often makes it   extremely difficult to identify the specific reasons for reduced   performance in any particular situation. However, by integrating   current concepts and knowledge using computer simulation techniques, the   factors limiting nutrients supply to the animal{\textquoteright}s tissues can be   determined and the value of alternative management strategies for   improving animal productivity assessed.    },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Moore RW and McMillan WH and Dockrill G and Dow BW}
}
@conference {40159,
	title = {Nutrition effects on live weight and reproduction of Cashmere doe hoggets},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {49},
	year = {1989},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {157-162},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Often effective breeding programmes are dependent on the assumption that heritabilities and genetic correlations between traits are the same in both sexes and that the genetic correlation for the same trait measured on both sexes is unity. A total of 12 302 records from 149 sire groups were analysed using mixed model techniques to test these assumptions. The results provide an indication that genetic and phenotypic parameters differ for male and female sheep. Cognizance of this fact should be taken when considering alternative selection strategies.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McCall DG and Clayton JB and Dow BW}
}
@conference {40124,
	title = {Calf weaning and summer grazing strategies for efficient beef cow use on hill country},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {48},
	year = {1988},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {237-242},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {No abstract supplied},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McCall DG and Scott ML and Dow BW}
}
@conference {40092,
	title = {Cervical versus laparoscopic AI of goats after PMSG injection at or 48 hours before CIDR removal},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {48},
	year = {1988},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {69-70},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {An experiment was conducted in which 1402 Romney ewes, aged 2 to 5 years, were treated with intravaginal controlled internal drug releasers (CIDR) followed by 1 of 2 pregnant mares serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) preparations (Pregnecol(r), 530 iu v Pharmochem(r), 460 iu) for mating on 1 of 3 dates (December 19, 28 or January 3). Of the 1402 ewes joined with the ram, 71\% conceived to the first cycle. Conception rates, proportion of ewes conceiving multiples and foetuses per ewe joined were assessed by ultrasound pregnancy diagnosis at day 50 of pregnancy. Reproductive performance was highest in 2-year old ewes but not influenced by previous reproductive history (wet v wet/dry in the previous spring). All measures of reproductive performance declined at later mating dates compared with those at December 19. Substantial premiums were obtained for early-born lambs, and for their dams when slaughtered at weaning the following September. Out-of-season lambing systems appear to offer economic benefits in areas characterised by good winter and spring growth rates but dry summers.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Moore RW and Miller CM and Hall DRH and Dow BW}
}
@conference {40101,
	title = {Effects of melatonin on early breeding of F+ and ++ Booroola x Perendale and Romney ewes},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {48},
	year = {1988},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {109-112},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Glenbrae and Broomfield strains of Corriedale sheep were developed over a period of 19 years by selectively breeding from animals that remained free from clinical footrot when deliberately exposed to natural infection. Recent studies have demonstrated relative advantages in these bloodlines during footrot outbreaks in terms of significantly reduced incidence and severity of infection compared to unselected Corriedales. Similar benefits have also occurred in commercial flocks when first cross offspring of Glenbrae and Broomfield rams were compared to offspring of traditional rams. Introduction to the industry of these apparent genetic gains in footrot resistance has been through 2 approaches. Firstly the Broomfield Corriedale Group Breeding Scheme was established in 1982 with 1420 Sheeplan ewes recorded in 5 flocks screened from an estimated 28,000 ewes. The objective is to breed rams for commercial use utilizing performance records and a footrot challenge prior to selection as 2- tooths. Secondly the Corriedale Sheep Society initiated a top-crossing programme mating 3 Glenbrae footrot resistant rams to 81 registered Corriedale ewes in 1986. Details of these 2 approaches are given.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Moore RW and Miller CM and Dow BW and Staples LD}
}
@conference {40012,
	title = {Calving date effects on beef cow productivity},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {46},
	year = {1986},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {149-152},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {An agonist of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) improves dairy cow pregnancy rates when injected at an appropriate stage after insemination. These studies were extended to ewes and hoggets in a series of trials to determine the effects of a single injection of GnRH made at varied intervals after mating. All sheep were mated at a synchronised oestrus (day of oestrus = day 0) with treated ewes being injected on a set date with 2 or 4 },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smeaton DC and McCall DG and Clayton JB and Dow BW}
}
@conference {40037,
	title = {The effect of pre-natal nutrition and type of birth and rearing of lambs on vigour, temperature and weight at birth, and weight and survival at weaning},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {46},
	year = {1986},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {259-262},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Future increases in production efficiency of milk production from pasture will be brought about primarily by increasing the genetic potential of cows to produce milk solids, and by developing grazing systems which combine a high level of herbage utilisation/ha with high dry matter intakes. Grazing often under-utilises herbage in spring, which leads to a reduction in quantity and quality of herbage in summer and autumn with a consequent accelerated decline in cow performance. Higher grazing stocking rates in spring combined with the conservation of a greater pasture area for silage produces an improved pasture and provides additional forage for supplementation in summer and autumn. At present the amount and seasonability of milk production in New Zealand is dictated by pasture production. This gives large variations in production between and within years, and may not represent the most efficient way of using milk processing plant or of satisfying the market{\textquoteright}s needs. Consideration may have to be given to less rigid systems of production involving more flexibility in calving date and a greater use of conserved feed.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Moore RW and Miller CM and Lynch PR and Dow BW}
}
