@conference {41303,
	title = {Effect of transport stress on somatic cell counts in dairy goats},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2002},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {16-18},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {Somatic Cell Counts (SCC) are commonly used as an indirect measure of prevalence of bacterial infection and of milk quality in dairy cattle. However, interpretation of SCC in dairy goats is more complex due to a higher basal SCC and the fact that SCC appear to be influenced by a number of factors other than bacterial infection. Increased SCC is associated with bacterial infection of the udder in goats (Dulin et al., 1983; Ryan et al., 1993; Poutrel et al., 1997). However, SCC in goats also increases with age (Dulin et al., 1983), increases as lactation progresses (Dulin et al., 1983; Kalogridou-Vassiliadou et al., 1992; Wilson et al., 1995), varies among breeds (Sung et al., 1999) and increases as milk production declines (Zeng \& Escobar, 1994; Pizzillo et al., 1994). Stressors such as change in nutrition, kidding, oestrus and vaccination have also been suggested as causes of increased SCC in goats (Lerondelle et al., 1992; Aleandri et al., 1994; Pizzillo et al., 1994; Zeng et al., 1997).
The stress response includes both corticosteroid release from the adrenal cortex in response to adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and adrenal medulla release of the catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenaline (Tyrrell et al., 1991). Injection of dairy cattle with exogenous ACTH results in an elevation in circulating leukocyte counts but no change in the SCC (Paape et al., 1973, 1975). However, transportation is likely to release both corticosteroids and catecholamines and has been used to examine various physiological responses in goats (Sanhouri et al., 1989; Greenwood \& Shutt, 1992) {\textellipsis} },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McDougall S and Anniss FM and Cullum AA}
}
@conference {41304,
	title = {Efficacy of antibiotic treatment at drying off in curing existing infections and preventing new infections in dairy goats},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2002},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {19-21},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {Infusion of antibiotics into the udder at the end of the lactating period ({\textquotedblleft}dry cow therapy{\textquotedblright}; DCT) is an essential control measure for bovine mastitis (Smith et al., 1967). Dry cow therapy eliminates existing intramammary infections (IMI) and reduces the incidence of new infections over the dry period with a resultant reduced prevalence of IMI at the commencement of the subsequent lactation (Smith et al., 1967; Harmon et al., 1986). The cure rate of existing infections after DCT has been reported as between 60-90\% (Pankey et al., 1982; Sol et al., 1994; Browning et al., 1990; Williamson et al., 1995). Dry cow therapy reduces the new IMI rate by approximately 50\% (Browning et al., 1994; Williamson et al., 1995).
Infusion of antibiotics at the end of lactation in dairy goats ({\textquotedblleft}dry-goat therapy{\textquotedblright}; DGT) has been reported to cure between 66\% and 100\% of existing IMI (Fox et al., 1992; Poutrel \& de Cremoux, 1995; Poutrel et al., 1997). However, the efficacy of DGT in reducing the new infection rate over the dry period has not been examined.
The aim of this trial was to assess the efficacy of intramammary antibiotic treatment of dairy goats at the end of lactation in curing existing mammary gland infections and reducing the incidence of new infections over the dry period and early in the subsequent lactation. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Anniss FM and McDougall S}
}
