@conference {41423,
	title = {Frequency of mastitis and variation in somatic cell counts throughout the lactation in cows managed organically or conventionally; Year 1},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2003},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {138-139},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Queenstown},
	abstract = {Interest in organic milk production is growing in New Zealand. At present milk is being collected from 13 organically certified farms in the North Island and 66 farms have been identified as either certified organic or interested in converting from conventional production (Stevenson, 2002).
Massey University started a trial on August 2001 to monitor the difference between organic and conventional dairy farming systems, and to provide New Zealand dairy farmers with proven information on differences between the two systems. A key focus of the organic farming system is the maintenance of health and well-being of cows in the herd, without the routine use of conventional methods (e.g., antibiotics). Mastitis has been recognised as the main disease problem. The objective of this report is to present results on the variation in somatic cell counts (SCC), frequency of clinical mastitis (CM) and frequency of acute levels of SCC of cows managed according to either organic or conventional farming practices for the season 2001 to 2002, the first year after the change to organic farming. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Lopez-Villalobos N and Scott J and Smith Z and Holmes CW and Shadbolt NM and Harvey TG}
}
@conference {41343,
	title = {Use of Lotus corniculatus to increase sheep production under commercial dryland farming conditions without the use of anthelmintics},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2002},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {177-178},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {Legumes are an important component of feeding systems in temperate zones to fix nitrogen and to produce high quality forage as a feed for livestock. However, marginal protein deficiency exists when ruminants are fed on fresh temperate forages due to high degradation rates of forage proteins in the rumen. Consequently, there is a large absorption of NH3 from the rumen, leaving absorption of essential amino acids (EAA) from the small intestine that is below animal requirements for these AA (Barry, 1982).
Condensed tannins (CT) in Lotus corniculatus (Birdsfoot trefoil) reduce rumen protein degradability and increase EAA absorption from the small intestine (Waghorn et al., 1987). Separate feeding experiments with sheep have shown that CT in lotus increased wool production and milk secretion (Wang et al., 1996a\&b) and both ovulation rate during mating, and lambing percentage (Min et al., 1999: Min et al., 2001), all with no increase in voluntary feed intake (VFI). In addition, lambs fed lotus accumulated fewer dags than lambs grazed on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)/white clover (Trifolium repens) pasture (Leathwick \& Atkinson, 1995). Each of these effects was measured in separate specific experiments.
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of feeding Lotus corniculatus upon wool production and lamb weaning weight under commercial dryland farming conditions without anthelmintic drench input, using a systems approach, where effects upon animal productivity and parasites were measured in the same experiment. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Ramirez-Restrepo CA and Barry TN and Lopez-Villalobos N and Kemp PD and Pomroy WB and McNabb WC and Harvey TG and Shadbolt NM}
}
@conference {40510,
	title = {Effects of CIDR withdrawal - insemination interval on conception rate in sheep AI},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {291-294},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Prediction of ewe litter size from liveweight and body condition change over pregnancy was examined in two flocks (246 mixed aged Corriedale ewes and 154 mixed aged Romney ewes). Liveweight and body condition estimates were recorded on five occasions during pregnancy. Litter size (lambs born per ewe present at lambing) was determined at lambing. Mean liveweight at joining of ewes ultimately producing 0, 1, 2 or 3 lambs was 62.7, 63.1, 65.7 and 66.9 respectively in Flock 1. Corresponding values in Flock 2 were 57.0, 59.4, 62.9 and 68.5 kg. Liveweight change over 140 days after ram introduction for ewes carrying 0, 1, 2 or 3 lambs in Flock 1 was -2,7, 5.7, 7.4 and 9.7 respectively. Corresponding figures for Flock 2 were -6.4, - 0.6, 0.9 and 4.5 kg. Over the same period body condition declined in Flock 1 (mm GR) by 4.3, 3.4, 4.7 and 6.5 mm and in Flock 2 (units condition score, CS) by 0.37, 0.53, 0.82 and 1.00 for ewes lambing 0, 1, 2 or 3 lambs respectively. Lambs born per ewe lambing was 1.44 and 1.50 in Flock 1 and 2 respectively. Ewes are ranked within a flock on their individual deviation from the flock mean for various liveweight and/or condition criteria and allocated sequentially to nominal {\textquoteright}single{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteright}twin{\textquoteright} flocks of equal size. Ranking on liveweight at joining, 6 weeks prior to lambing and prior to the start of lambing resulted in a litter size in the {\textquoteright}single{\textquoteright}:{\textquoteright}twin{\textquoteright} groups of 1.36:1.52, 1.28:1.60 and 1.28:1.64 respectively in Flock 1. Equivalent figures for Flock 2 were 1.38:1.62, 1.32:1.68 and 1.29:1.71. Ranking ewes on GR (or CS) deviation from GR (or CS) predicted from the regression of GR (or CS) on pre-lambing liveweight gave some further improvement in discrimination between {\textquoteright}single{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteright}twin{\textquoteright} groups (1.16:1.72 for Flock 1, 1.25:1.75 for Flock 2). Depending on the accuracy required in determining ewe litter size, the use of individual ewe liveweight and to a lesser extent body condition may be an acceptable alternative to ultrasound pregnancy diagnosis.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Paton AJ and Harvey TG and McCutcheon SN}
}
@conference {40538,
	title = {The evaluation of kiwifruit vinegar as a stock feed},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {413-416},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {One hundred and forty Polled Dorset lambs were randomly allocated to  graze one of seven herbages (n = 20/herbage) and either trickle dosed (n=12)  with a total of 108,000 third stage gastrointestinal nematode larvae (50\%  Trichostrongylus colubriformis and 50\% Ostertagia circumcincta) over 6  weeks, or undosed (n=8) and allowed to ingest any nematode larvae on pasture.   After 28 days on the trial lambs dosed with larvae had higher (P<0.001) faecal  egg counts (FEC{\textquoteright}s) than undosed lambs but after 42 days egg counts did not  differ (P>0.05) between dosed and undosed groups. Dosing with larvae did not  significantly alter the liveweight gain (LWG). Herbage species affected LWG,  being highest on lotus (Lotus pedunculatus cv Maku) and lowest on  ryegrass/white clover (Lolium perenne/Trifolium repens), with other  treatments being intermediate.   Dosed lambs grazing chicory (Chicorium intybus) had more faecal dags than  any other group of lambs. Those grazing G27 red clover (Trifolium pratense)  were worst afflicted by a dermatitis type condition commonly referred to as  trefoil dermatitis. Plasma pepsinogen levels differed significantly (P<0.05)  only between dosed and undosed groups grazing pawera red clover,  ryegrass/white clover and sulla (Hedysarium coronarium).   Worm counts were undertaken on ryegrass/white clover and sulla grazed  lambs. Both dosed and undosed groups grazing ryegrass/white clover had  higher (P<0.05) abomasal worm counts than sulla grazed lambs, intestinal  worm counts were highest in dosed lambs grazing ryegrass/white clover,  intermediate in the dosed lambs grazing sulla and in undosed lambs grazing  ryegrass/white clover, and lowest in the undosed lambs grazing sulla.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Williamson JF and Morris ST and Harvey TG}
}
@conference {40252,
	title = {Responses to modern technology within the New Zealand sheep breeding industry},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {423-426},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {In 34 lactating ewes (10 fistulated at the rumen and abomasum),   herbage intakes were calculated using herbage digestibilities estimated   either in vitro, or by using the plant cuticular wax component   pentatriacontane (C35 alkane) as an internal marker. Alkane-based   herbage intakes in intact ewes rose from 1672g OM/d at 14d of lactation   to 2798g OM/d at 42d. In the fistulated ewes, the equivalent herbage   intakes were 1736 and 2240g OM/d respectively. Alkane-based and in   vitro-based intakes were not significantly different at 14d of   lactation in either intact or fistulated ewes. Later in lactation,   alkane-based intakes were significantly higher in both groups of ewes.   In the fistulated ewes, estimates of the proportion of digested OM   apparently disappearing across the rumen and of the efficiency of   microbial protein synthesis were calculated from abomasal flows of   digesta and microbial protein. These results suggested that the alkane-   based herbage intakes were the more accurate.    },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Harvey TG and Haydon R and Blair HT and Daniell D and Hilson R}
}
@conference {40170,
	title = {Performance of visually or objectively culled ewe hoggets},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {49},
	year = {1989},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {215-220},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Ewes from five genotypes (Australian Merino, New Zealand Merino, Romney, Australian Merino x Romney, New Zealand Merino x Romney) were examined over 2 years from April 1986 to March 1988. Maiden 2-tooth ewes were used in the first year and mixed aged ewes in year 2. Ewes were treated with CIDRs (14 d) and joined with vasectomised rams every 6 weeks throughout the year. The incidence of oestrus and ovulation and ovulation rate were recorded. In year 1, there were no discernible differences between the five genotypes in the pattern of ovulation response which ranged from about 100\% in April to 70\% in August, dropping to 3\% in September and then to 0\% until a recover to 100\% in the 4 Merino lines and 70\% in the Romney by March. In year 2, the incidence of ovulation for all 5 genotypes was 100\% for April, May and July. In August, 70\% of the Merino lines and 55\% of the Romney and Romney cross lines ovulated. Only the Australian Merino ovulated in November (8\%) while both Merino lines ovulated in December (Australian 4\%, New Zealand 14\%). However in contrast to Year 1, in January the pure Merino lines showed 100\% incidence of ovulation, the cross breed lines 60\% and Romney 10\%. By March, the cross breed incidence had reached 100\% and the Romney 80\%. These data indicate a marked seasonal pattern of ovulation in all 5 genotypes with some indication of an earlier onset to the breeding season in Merino ewes.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Harvey TG and Baker RL}
}
@conference {40064,
	title = {Genetic variation among six strains of Romneys and Border Leicester and Coopworth crosses},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {47},
	year = {1987},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {101-105},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {In an 11 month copper supplementation trial in Northland, weaner steer (initial live weight 210 kg) showed decreased liveweight gain when supplemented with copper, from November to March. Pasture copper concentrations were adequate throughout the trial. Serum copper concentrations tended to be low, especially in spring.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Baker RL and Clarke JN and Meyer HH and Harvey TG and Bigham ML}
}
@conference {40030,
	title = {Artificial insemination in sheep - comparison of storage time, dose rate and insemination technique},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {46},
	year = {1986},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {229-232},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {In 1984 selected Oxford Down (O) and Texel (T) sheep in Denmark and T and Finnish Landrace (F) sheep in Finland were purchased or leased and then assembled for treatment. The ewes were synchronised and superovulated before being subjected to surgical embryo recovery. Recovered embryos with at least 8 cells and intact zona pellucida were then deep frozen. The mean ovulation rate, number of eggs recovered and embryos frozen from the O and T in Denmark were 5.4, 4.4, 1.5 and 7.1, 5.0 and 3.0, respectively. Results for T and F in Finland were 7.5, 4.9, 4.1 and 10.0, 7.0 and 5.8, respectively. A total of 548 embryos was imported into New Zealand. Two-hundred and twenty embryos were thawed and transferred to Coopworth recipients in March and 46 in May 1985. The percentages of embryos surviving to term for the various breeds in March and May were: Denmark 0, 43 and 20; Denmark T, 59 and 7; Finland T, 59 and 55; Finland F, 64 and 50, respectively. Thirty-two Coopworths were inseminated with thawed F sperm deposited via endoscopy and 24 (75\%) lambed producing 28 lambs. The importation of both embryos and semen was very successful.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Harvey TG and Johnson DL and Baker RL and Trust BK and Thomson BC}
}
@conference {39986,
	title = {Genetic variation in resistance or tolerance to internal nematode parasites in strains of sheep at Rotomahana},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {46},
	year = {1986},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {23-26},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Fifty-six pregnant Romney ewes grazing a ryegrass/white clover pasture were divided into 7 groups of 8 and slaughtered at days 62, 81, 100, 115, 125, 135 and 143 of gestation to remove the conceptus (uterine tissue and membranes, placental fluids and the foetus[es] and determine its total Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn and Se content. The uterus was also removed from 8 ewes just prior to mating. Half the ewes had twin foetuses. The daily rates of deposition of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn and Se were calculated from the slope of the curves relating the gestational age with the net trace element content of the conceptus. The dietary allowance of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn and Se for the pregnant ewe was then calculated from the daily deposition rates into the conceptus, determined from this study, and published data on the net requirements for maintenance, coefficients of absorption and DM intakes. The calculated dietary allowances (per kg DM) for single- and twin-bearing ewes, were 7.4 mg Cu, 24 mg Zn, 36 mg Fe, 30 mg Mn and 33 },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Watson TG and Baker RL and Harvey TG}
}
@conference {40001,
	title = {Inheritance of foot and jaw abnormalities in sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {46},
	year = {1986},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {93-100},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {There are a total of some 710 000 winterfed sheep in Iceland, all of which are of the native Iceland breed. The organisation of the breeding work is in the hands of the Agricultural Society of Iceland. Sheep recording schemes have a long-standing tradition in Iceland. There are 140 local associations recording about 200 000 ewes. The most important traits in Icelandic sheep breeding are fecundity of ewes and weaning weight of lambs, but conformation and wool quantity are also considered. Level of productivity is high. The use of AI is of great importance in the sheep breeding work. Nearly all the selection of lambs for replacement is within flocks and selection work must be undertaken during a few weeks in the autumn when the sheep are taken from mountain grazing.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Baker RL and Clarke JN and Harvey TG and Meyer HH}
}
@conference {39869,
	title = {Synchronisation and artificial insemination of ewes - techniques which have possible commercial application},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {44},
	year = {1984},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {7-10},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Mature ewes, 110 to 125 days pregnant, had catheters surgically implanted into maternal and foetal blood vessels and electrodes sutured to the myometrium. Electromyographic (EMG) signals were amplified, rectified, integrated and recorded. Between 2 and 12 days before parturition, the EMG pattern comprised bursts of activity that lasted 6.3 },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Harvey TG and Johnson DL and Tervit HR and Welch RAS}
}
@conference {39829,
	title = {Genetic variation in incidence of daggy sheep - an indicator of genetic resistance to parasites?},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {43},
	year = {1983},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {87-90},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {A recent grazing experiment at Ruakura with dairy cows involved in each of 3 years, 8 farms of 6.48 ha. Linear regression procedures were used to derive relationships between milkfat yield to 31 December, amount of feed on the farm at various times, length of rotation during winter months, and average herd live weight and condition at calving. Fat production was closely related to feed on the farm during July to September but not to feed present in May, June, October or November, or to live weight and condition at calving. The amount of feed present in August or September was not significantly related to that present in May. Feed present in September increased as the area grazed each day by the herd increased in May, and decreased in July and August. For a given amount of feed on the farm during July to September, early calving herds produced more milkfat per cow and per hectare by 31 December but at a lower level per day than late calving herds.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Meyer HH and Harvey TG and Smeaton JE}
}
@conference {39859,
	title = {Genetic variation in uterine efficiency and differential responses to increased ovulation rate in sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {43},
	year = {1983},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {201-204},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Four antioxidants - butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hyroxyanisole (BHA), alpha-tocopherol and propyl gallate - have been tested for their ability to ameliorate the harmful effects of the facial eczema toxin, sporidesmin, in sheep. A moderate decrease in sporidesmin-induced liver damage (39\% and 35\% respectively, based on gross pathological assessment of liver injury) was observed in sheep pre-treated with BHT and BHA; smaller effects were recorded in animals receiving the other compounds. The possibility of an additive effect between antioxidants and zinc has also been investigated. It was shown that marked protection against sporidesmin toxicity, significantly greater than that given by either prophylactic alone, was afforded by simultaneous administration of BHT and zinc.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Meyer HH and Clarke JN and Harvey TG and Malthus IC}
}
@conference {39750,
	title = {Successful semi-commercial artificial insemination of ewes},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {41},
	year = {1981},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {288-292},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Meyer HH and Harvey TG}
}
