@conference {41503,
	title = {Effect of ergot alkaloids on liveweight gain and urine lysergol level in ewe hoggets and heifers},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2004},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {192-196},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Hamilton},
	abstract = {Ingestion of ergot alkaloids can reduce live-weight gain (LWG) in sheep and cattle. The objective of this experiment was to determine if the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for urinary lysergol level provided an accurate measure of ergot alkaloid dietary intake. Forty hoggets and 60 heifers were fed ryegrass seed containing ergovaline (EV) (0.0 to 75.0 {\textmu}g EV/kg LW hogget; 0.0 to 35.0 {\textmu}g EV/kg LW heifer) daily. The feeding trial was repeated after 30 days for the hoggets. Urine lysergol:creatinine ratio increased linearly for hoggets from 1.91 to 5.80 (P<0.001) and LWG was linearly suppressed from 110 to 60 g/d (P<0.01) and 30 days later, from 35 to -130 g/d (P<0.05) for intakes of 0.0 to 75.0 {\textmu}g EV/kg LW. Heifer urine lysergol:creatinine ratio increased linearly from 1.60 to 5.21 and LWG declined from 1.0 to 0.85 kg/d for intakes of 0.0 to 35.0 {\textmu}g EV/kg LW (P<0.05). Urinary lysergol:creatinine ratio increased by 0.056 {\textpm} 0.007 (P<0.001, r2 = 0.67) in hoggets and by 0.082 {\textpm} 0.006 (P<0.001, r2 = 0.77) in heifers, for every 1 {\textmu}g EV/kg LW consumed. These studies demonstrated a strong relationship between ergot alkaloid dietary intake and urine lysergol:creatinine ratio. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Layton DL and Fletcher LR and Litherland AJ and Scannell MG and Sprosen J and Hoogendoorn CJ and Lambert MG}
}
@conference {40706,
	title = {The effect of peramine ingestion in pen-fed lambs},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {186},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Little research has been done on within breed differences in seasonality  of reproduction in rams. We took 16 Dorset x Romney rams (8 BV+ and 8  BV-, selected on the basis of their breeding value for date of lambing derived  for the lambing performance of their female relatives). These rams were  housed indoors under natural light conditions and fed a ration of pellets and  hay. Semen samples, testis diameter and body weight measurements were  taken weekly. Blood samples were taken monthly (every 20mins for 26hrs,  and then every 10mins for a further 4hrs following a 1 ml IV injection of  0.001 mg GnRH). Samples were assayed for oLH and oFSH. The trial ran  from September 1993 to August 1994. More BV- (early lambing group)  rams (70\% vs 25\%) produced ejaculates in the first 3 months of the trial.   The BV- rams had significantly (P<0.001) lower ejaculate volumes than the  BV+ rams with both showing significant (P<0.001) seasonal changes. There  were significant (P<0.01) seasonal effects on semen concentration with a  January maximum of 6300 x 10 6 sperm/ml and a minimum in July of 3350  x 10 6 sperm/ml. There was a seasonal effect on testis diameter (55mm in  Dec-Feb and 38mm in July). There was a significant (P<0.05) seasonal shift  in live weight between Feb-Apr (70kg) and July 58kg). There was  significant (P<0.01) seasonal effect on basal LH levels and LH pulse  frequency, but there were no detectable BV effects. The BV- rams had  greater pulse amplitude and longer durations of peaks than did the BV+  animals. LH response to GnRH was significantly different only in Nov (BV-  rams showed greater area under the curve 162},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Pownall DB and Familton AS and Field RJ and Fletcher LR and Lane GA}
}
@conference {40502,
	title = {The effects of endophyte ingestion on immune function in sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {255-258},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Midside skin and wool samples were taken at hogget shearing in October 1991 from 58 Perendale ewe hoggets which were the progeny of 2 lines of Perendale sheep selected for, or against, loose wool bulk at hogget shearing. Wool from the high line was 50\% more bulky, with a 17\% lighter clean fleece weight (CFW), 29\% shorter staple length (SL), 25\% shorter fibre length (FL), 14\% greater within sample variation in fibre diameter (SDFD), 72\% higher crimp frequency (CFreq), 61\% higher proportion of paracortex (Para\%), 92\% higher follicle curvature grade (FolC) and 7\% shallower follicle depth (FolD) than the low line. Character grade (Char) was 14\% lower and sulphur content (S) 3\% higher in the high line, each approaching 5\% significance, while there was no significant difference in live weight (LW) or mean fibre diameter (FD). Bulk was most strongly correlated, in decreasing order, with FolC, CFreq, SL, FL, Para\%, CFW, SDFD, Char and FolD. In decreasing order CFreq, Char, FD, SL, FL, Para\% and FolD explained a total of 90\% of the variation in bulk. With deletion of the subjectively assessed characteristics of FolC and Char, CFreq, SL and FL were the only characteristics selected as being significant, explaining a total of 85\% of the variation in bulk. The strong association between bulk and both SL and FL can be considered to be a reflection of associations between the length parameters and other fibre characteristics which impact on bulk rather than a direct effect of the length of fibre being measured for bulk. These data indicate the biological basis of differences in loose wool bulk for coarse wool Perendale sheep are, as for the fine wool Merino, primarily associated with single fibre crimp.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McFarlane RG and Bell TA and Fletcher LR}
}
@conference {40446,
	title = {The relationship between staggers and diarrhoea in lambs grazing different components of endophyte-infected ryegrass},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {19-22},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Two experiments were carried out to measure the effects of fitting polyethylene body covers on the winter milk production of mature cows, and oxygen consumption by calves. In the first experiment, the covers had no significant effects on the winter milk production or liveweight of lactating cows grazing on pasture supplemented with silage. In the second experiment, oxygen consumption by young calves exposed to an air temperature of 9 C, 8 km/hour wind and simulated rain was significantly reduced by the wearing of covers (by 40\% during the period of rain). Covers offer an effective, low- cost method for reducing the adverse effect of cold wet weather on young calves reared out-of-doors.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Pownall DB and Lucas RJ and Familton AS and Love BG and Hines SE and Fletcher LR}
}
@conference {39913,
	title = {The development and application of ELISA detection of Lolium endophyte in ryegrass staggers research},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {44},
	year = {1984},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {185-188},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {To apportion the intake of metabolisable energy (MEI) used for synthesis of lean and fat tissue, current knowledge of substrate oxidation and substrate utilisation for biosynthetic reactions has been combined with estimates of fat and protein turnover to develop models of energy metabolism and nutrient fluxes in a lean 20 kg male and a fat 40 kg female sheep, each gaining 200 g/d. When the most efficient pathways and lowest turnover rates are employed the biosynthetic reactions account for 38 and 34\% of MEI in the lean and fat animals. These values rise to 45 and 43\% of MEI respectively when higher estimates of turnover and less efficient pathways are used in the calculations. Hormonal regulations of metabolite utilisation is believed responsible for such differences but hitherto, only glucose-insulin system has been quantitated. Two techniques used for its quantitation are described to provide examples of the methods needed to elucidate the control of nutrient utilisation and ultimately body composition in ruminants.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Musgrave DR and Fletcher LR}
}
