@conference {41853,
	title = {Digestion kinetics of New Zealand native flax},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2005},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {367-371},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Christchurch},
	abstract = {This experiment compares the nutritive value of New Zealand native flax, Phormium tenax, by-products i.e. leaves (L), butts (B), thrash-stripped fibre (F) and green matter (G), with white clover (WC) via digestion kinetics derived from in vitro and in sacco incubations. The WC had a high nutritive quality (11.1 MJME/kg DM, CP 28\% DM), G a moderate (10.1 MJME/kg DM, CP 9\% DM), and L, B, F were of very low nutritive quality (< 8 MJME/kg DM, CP < 6 \% DM). After 24 hours, 96, 76, 47, 47, and 30 \% of the DM was degraded for WC, G, L, B and F, respectively (P < 0.001). The degradation rates (\%/h) of digestible DM were faster (P < 0.001) for WC (13) and G (11) than B (3.8), L (4.6) and F (2.7). Flax by-products had a net loss of ammonia after 2 (B), 4 (F and L) and 8 hours (G). The proportion of DM converted to VFA by 8 hours was 21 \%, and 14 \% for WC and G respectively, but only 9-10 \% for the other flax by-products (P < 0.001). The feeding model BestFeed{\texttrademark} predicted that G could grow a 500 kg bull at 0.8 kg/day and had potential as a supplement for pasture-fed animals.
KEYWORDS: flax; Phormium tenax; in sacco; in vitro; digestion kinetics; nutritive value; forage ration, BestFeed. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Litherland AJ and Layton DL and Burke JL and Corson DC and Peters JS}
}
@conference {41503,
	title = {Effect of ergot alkaloids on liveweight gain and urine lysergol level in ewe hoggets and heifers},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2004},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {192-196},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Hamilton},
	abstract = {Ingestion of ergot alkaloids can reduce live-weight gain (LWG) in sheep and cattle. The objective of this experiment was to determine if the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for urinary lysergol level provided an accurate measure of ergot alkaloid dietary intake. Forty hoggets and 60 heifers were fed ryegrass seed containing ergovaline (EV) (0.0 to 75.0 {\textmu}g EV/kg LW hogget; 0.0 to 35.0 {\textmu}g EV/kg LW heifer) daily. The feeding trial was repeated after 30 days for the hoggets. Urine lysergol:creatinine ratio increased linearly for hoggets from 1.91 to 5.80 (P<0.001) and LWG was linearly suppressed from 110 to 60 g/d (P<0.01) and 30 days later, from 35 to -130 g/d (P<0.05) for intakes of 0.0 to 75.0 {\textmu}g EV/kg LW. Heifer urine lysergol:creatinine ratio increased linearly from 1.60 to 5.21 and LWG declined from 1.0 to 0.85 kg/d for intakes of 0.0 to 35.0 {\textmu}g EV/kg LW (P<0.05). Urinary lysergol:creatinine ratio increased by 0.056 {\textpm} 0.007 (P<0.001, r2 = 0.67) in hoggets and by 0.082 {\textpm} 0.006 (P<0.001, r2 = 0.77) in heifers, for every 1 {\textmu}g EV/kg LW consumed. These studies demonstrated a strong relationship between ergot alkaloid dietary intake and urine lysergol:creatinine ratio. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Layton DL and Fletcher LR and Litherland AJ and Scannell MG and Sprosen J and Hoogendoorn CJ and Lambert MG}
}
@conference {41504,
	title = {Ill-thrift in young growing cattle and sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2004},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {197-202},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Hamilton},
	abstract = {A questionnaire survey was designed to gauge consumer interest in goat meat.  The questionnaire was responded to  by 98 households living in or near Tokyo. The main results of the survey are as follows. 1) Impression of goat meat;  61\% of the respondents indicated that goat meat was {\`\i}not common in their home{\^\i}. 2) Consumer experience; only 16\%  of the respondents had experience of eating goat meat and they felt goat meat is {\`\i}smelly{\^\i}(50\%), {\`\i}tender{\^\i}(38\%) and  {\`\i}delicious{\^\i}(31\%). 3) The two main reasons why consumers have not eaten goat meat were {\`\i}lack of purchasing  opportunity{\^\i}(78\%) and {\`\i}don{\'\i}t feel like eating it{\^\i}(18\%). 4) Options to promote goat meat consumption; 52\% of  respondents who have not eaten goat meat were prepared  to purchase if it was available in the supermarket at a  reasonable price and if recipes were added with the meat package. 5) Reasons for people not purchasing goat meat  included {\`\i}dislike of new meat{\^\i} and {\`\i}pity for the goat{\^\i}.  These results show that goat meat can be promoted to the Japanese households as {\`\i}a new product{\^\i} if the price is  reasonable and recipes are added to the package. However,  a considerable number of market strategies need to be  implemented to achieve the acceptance of goat meat by Japanese consumers.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Litherland AJ and Layton DL and Boom CJ and Knight TL and Hyslop M and Lambert MG and Cook TL}
}
