@conference {41833,
	title = {Factors influencing milk harvesting efficiency in an automatic milking system},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2005},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {271-275},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Christchurch},
	abstract = {Maximising milk harvested per robot is an important goal of pasture-based automatic milking systems (AMS). Results are presented from an analysis of 2937 cow milkings in a year-round milking system during January 2003 at the Dexcel Automatic farm (average herd size = 75 cows). Each cow milking was classified as OK (yield > 80\% of expected yield, EY), Yield Carry Over (YCO, 20\% < yield < 80\% EY), or Failed (F, yield < 20\% EY). The time and duration (from entry to exit from crate) of each cow milking was determined, as well as milk yield, and from these milk harvesting rate was calculated. There were an average of 95.8 cow milkings/day, average milking frequency was 1.13 milkings/cow/day (range 0.9 {\textendash} 1.9 milkings/cow/day). Eighty-four percent of milkings were classified as OK, 8.9\% as YCO and 7.1\% as F (after which the cow was returned to the yard for another attempt). Milking times {\textpm} SD (F = 3.76 {\textpm} 2.57, YCO = 7.63 {\textpm} 3.31, OK = 10.07 {\textpm} 4.09 minutes/event) and milk harvesting rate (F = 0.09, YCO = 0.76 and OK = 1.37 kg/minute) suggest that failed milkings were costly in terms of time. The data show potential for improving the 24 h milk harvest per AMS through cow selection, a more consistent flow of cows through the AMS and technological improvements.
KEYWORDS: milk harvesting efficiency; automatic milking systems; grazing; dairy cows. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Davis KL and Jago JG and Wieliczko R and Copeman PJA and Bright K and Woolford MW}
}
@conference {41212,
	title = {A comparison New Zealand and overseas Holstein Friesian heifers},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2000},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {265-269},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Hamilton},
	abstract = {The performance of overseas (OS) and New Zealand (NZ) Holstein Friesian (HF) dairy heifers was compared when fed an all-pasture diet (Grass) or a total mixed ration (TMR) throughout lactation. The four treatments were NZ Grass (n=14); OS Grass (n=9); NZ TMR (n=15); and OS TMR (n=10). Compared with NZ HF, OS HF had a higher live weight and produced more milk, but milksolids yield, efficiency of milksolids production, and persistency of lactation were not different. Compared with HF fed Grass, HF fed TMR produced more milk and milksolids, were more efficient, had a greater persistency of lactation, and ended lactation with a greater body weight. The OS HF genotype was unable to maintain acceptable body condition and live weight on an all-grass diet. This raises serious questions regarding the sustainability and suitability of these genetics for seasonal all-pasture dairying systems. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kolver ES and Napper AR and Copeman PJA and Muller LD}
}
@conference {41006,
	title = {Use of {\textquoteright}Barkant{\textquoteright} turnips and {\textquoteright}Superchow{\textquoteright} sorghum crops to increase summer-autumn milk production},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {58},
	year = {1998},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {121-124},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {{\textquoteleft}Barkant{\textquoteleft} turnips and {\textquoteleft}Superchow{\textquoteleft} sorghum were compared as summer-autumn crops for lactating cows. Crops were fed at three levels (0, 4 and 8 kg DM/cow/d) to supplement pasture offered at a constant allowance. Sixty twin cows were used in two experimental periods in February and March 1997. Feeding 4 or 8 kg DM/cow/day increased milksolids (MS) yield/cow by 29\% or 36\% for turnips, and 26\% or 32\% for sorghum compared with pasture alone. Turnips gave responses of 58g and 45g MS/kg DM offered, at the lower allowance, in summer and autumn respectively, compared with 45g MS/kg DM in both seasons for sorghum. For both crops, increasing allowance from 4 to 8 kg further increased MS yield. Crop utilisation was lower on sorghum than turnips but substitution rates for turnips were higher than for sorghum at both allowances in both summer and autumn. This means that although both crops have a {\textquoteleft}pasture sparing{\textquoteleft} effect, sorghum contributed more to increased per cow intake. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Harris SL and Clark DA and Waugh CD and Copeman PJA and Napper AR}
}
@conference {40826,
	title = {Effect of feeding turnips to dairy cows grazing limited amounts of pasture in mid to late lactation on milksolids production},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {242-244},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Three groups of 20 cows were allocated to one of three feeding  treatments. A control group was offered only a restricted pasture allowance.  Treatments groups were offered pasture and turnips at either 4 or 8 kg  DM/cow/day. Cows offered 4 kg DM/cow and 8 kg DM/cow of turnips  produced 265 g MS/c/day (},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Penno JW and Bryant AM and Napper AR and Copeman PJA}
}
@conference {40831,
	title = {Reduction in SCC and colostrum levels in milk after calving},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {263-265},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Somatic cell count (SCC) and immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) content  were determined in mammary secretions of 15 Friesian x Jersey cows and 5  heifers at each milking for 10 d following natural calving. Milk yields for  cows on d 1 were 20.2 l/d, declined sharply on d 2 to 14.4 l/d, then increased  slightly, reaching 17.9 l/d by d 10. In contrast, heifer milk yields were low  on d 1 (6.6 l/d) but increased steadily to 11.9 l/d by d 10. The SCC and IgG1  levels were extremely high on d 1 (1.50 x106 cells/ml and 24.0 g/l IgG1) but  declined rapidly within 48 h of calving. Average SCC and IgG1 reduced  below the penalty levels by d 4 for cows, and d 5 for heifers, confirming that  milk should be withheld from the bulk tank for 4 d and 5 d after calving for  cows and heifers respectively. Individual cows may exceed these levels for  short periods.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Lacy-Hulbert SJ and Malcolm DB and Copeman PJA and Woolford MW and Franks R}
}
@conference {40649,
	title = {Partitioning of milk accumulation between cisternal and alveolar compartments of the bovine udder: relationship to production loss on once-daily milking},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {5-6},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Colour is an important characteristic affecting wool price. Canary  yellow wool incidence is low in dry years but individuals can be  classified according to their degreee of susceptibility to wool  yellowing based on results of wool incubation test.  Australian Merino, Corriedale and New Zealand Romney populations were  tested. A number of 603, 1269 and 476 progenies and 21, 52 and 24 sires  were used for these populations, respectively. Susceptibility to wool  yellowing (YPC), greasy (GFW) and clean fleece weights (CFW), yield (Y)  and mean fibre diameter (MFD) were analysed in a sire model.  Heritability values for YPC were 0.21+/-0.11, 0.28+/-0.08 and 0.19+/-  0.07 for Merino, Corriedale and Romney, respectively. Genetic  correlations between YPC and other traits were 0.04+/-0.31 with GFW, -  0.10+/-0.31 with CFW, -0.11+/-0.29 with Y and 0.51+/-0.29 with MFD for  Merinos; 0.30+/-0.18, 0.17+/-0.19, -0.12+/-0.18 and 0.33+/-0.19, -  0.12+/-0.18 and 0.33+/-0.19 for Corriedale, respectively, and 0.77+/-  0.22, 0.44+/-0.31, -0.70+/-0.35 and 0.25+/-0.30 for Romney,  respectively. Phenotypic correlations were negligible among this traits  for these three populations, except for YPC and Y (-0.33+/-0.10).  Selection strategies to reduce wool yellowing susceptibility will differ  between genotypes. Low frequency of susceptible sheep in Merino  population showed little justification for including YPC in genetic  programmes for this particular breed only.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Farr VC and Davis SR and Copeman PJA and Carruthers VR and Knight CH}
}
@conference {39937,
	title = {Effects of varying feeding time on diurnal calving patterns in dairy cows},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {45},
	year = {1985},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {35-38},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Season has important effects on reproduction in cows, although they may ovulate throughout the year. During winter, the effects of season delay puberty, prolong post-partum anoestrus and reduce fertility. There are seasonal differences in gonadotrophin secretion, pre-ovulatory follicular development and corpus luteum function. Furthermore, effects of season are more likely to be expressed when factors such as nutrition, age and lactation limit reproduction performance. Significant interactions occur between season and nutrition in the onset of puberty and the length of the post-partum anoestrous interval. In the pasture-based agricultural system in New Zealand, minimum feed supply occurs in winter when season depresses cow reproductive performance. A concentrated calving pattern is essential to improve feeding management and herd performance. To maintain a concentrated calving and high weaning percentage, calving date must be adjusted to reduce the effects of season and improve herd nutrition.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Macmillan KL and Pearce MG and Copeman PJA and MacDonald KA and Kilgour R}
}
@conference {39680,
	title = {The implications of milking management strategies involving variations of milking frequency in the immediate post-partum period},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {40},
	year = {1980},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {166-174},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Phillips DSM and Woolford MW and Copeman PJA}
}
@conference {39264,
	title = {Some recent research on milking machine design},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {29},
	year = {1969},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {26-36},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Phillips DSM and Copeman PJA}
}
