@conference {40596,
	title = {Animal Production in eastern Turkey},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {54},
	year = {1994},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {189-192},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {
AB:	Subsistence village livestock farmers in the eastern provinces farm  
approximately 30\% of the sheep and cattle of Turkey.  Stock are housed for  
winter and grazed on communally owned and managed pastures for the  
remainder of the year.  Typically farmers have 1 to 6 cows and 30 to 100 sheep  
or goats.  A survey of 91 farmers showed that 55\% of the cattle were of the  
local Anatolian breed and 37\% were of exotic cross.  Calving interval averaged  
12.5 months, excluding the 10\% barren cows.  Female progeny were retained  
as herd replacements, males were sold between 8 and 18 months old to  
specialist cattle finishers who feed cattle indoors and aim to make a US$50 to  
US$120 margin per beast in a 4 to 6 month period.  Sale of surplus lambs and  
milk products are the main sources of income for sheep farmers.  Flocks  
averaged 80\% to 100\% lambing with lamb mortality ranging between 5\% and  
40\%, depending on the level of winter feeding.  Technology exists in Turkey  
for the improvement of winter feeding, and intensive lamb finishing, but  
technology transfer is constrained lack of experienced staff and limited training  
in livestock production of extension staff. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Thompson KF and Hart ND}
}
