@conference {40653,
	title = {Nitric oxide and the control of mammary blood flow},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {14-16},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {This study monitored the behaviour of calves docked with a rubber  ring with or without local anaesthesia. Forty five 3 to 4 month old  Friesian heifer calves were divided equally into three groups viz  control (C), docked following local anaesthetic (L). After treatment  the calves were returned to a paddock where their behaviour was  monitored continuously for 5 hours with scan sampling every 10 minutes.  Standing, walking, grazing and ruminating behaviours were similar in the  3 groups. Within 30 minutes of the treatment tail shaking, and  vocalization occurred in 10 and 5 R calves and of them 2 calves  continued to tail shake and vocalise for a further 60 minutes. Tail  shaking and vocalisation occurred in 7 and 5 of the L calves  respectively at 150 minutes. Two of these calves vocalised at 180  minutes and one at 210 minutes following treatment. C calves did not  shake their tails or vocalise. These observations suggest that milk  distress was experienced by approximately two thirds of docked calves.   },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Lacasse P and Farr VC and Davis SR and Prosser CG}
}
